D

Dacia A tribal kingdom in northern and central Romania during Classical times.

Dahae An ancient Scythian tribe in Central Asia.

Dagestan A Muslim district in the northern Caucasus.

Dagomba A tribal Kingdom in West Africa, located mostly in northern Ghana.

Dalarna A district in central Sweden.

Dalhem A County in eastern Belgium, on the extreme southern edge of the Dutch border.

Dalmatia The coastal districts and islands of the northwestern Balkans.

Dal nAraidi An early Irish clan.

Dalriada A Dark Ages Gaelic tribal Kingdom in southwestern Scotland.

Damagaram An Emirate in central Niger.

Damascus An important city in southwestern Syria.

Danzig An important Baltic port in northern Poland (Pol. Gdansk).

Dar al-Kuti A district in northeastern Central African Republic, on the frontier with Chad.

Dar al-Masalit A Sultanate in far western Sudan, near the frontier with Chad.

Dardania An ancient district in far northwestern Anatolia.

Darfur A region in western Sudan.

Datia A district in north-central India.

Daura An Emirate in far northern Nigeria.

Daura-Baure An Emirate in far northern Nigeria.

Daura-Zango An Emirate in far northern Nigeria.

Dauro A state in northern Ethiopia.

Dayani A minor ancient Kingdom located on the upper Tigris.

Daylam A region in northern Iran, just south of the Caspian Sea.

The Deccan A plateau which has hosted a number of states in central India.

Deheubarth A Principality in south-central Wales.

Deira A Dark Ages Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in northern England.

Delaware A state within the United States, on the Atlantic seaboard.

Delhi An important Sultanate in northern India.

Delos An island in the central Aegean Sea.

Delphi A small town and important religious site in central Greece.

Demak A Sultanate in northern Java.

Demerara-Essequibo Coastal districts in Suriname, northern South America.

Dendi A tribal state in the Niger watershed in southern Niger and northern Benin.

Denia A city in far eastern Spain.

Denizli A town in western Turkey.

Denkyira A Kingdom on the frontier between southeastern Cote d'Ivoire and southwestern Ghana.

DENMARK A Kingdom in northern Europe.
          See also Gordum, Hedeby (Haithabu), Jutland, Sjaelland (Zealand), and Vendsyssel.

Derbend A city in the eastern Caucasus.

Derby A town in central England.

the Derevlians An early tribe living in Dark-Ages Ukraine.

Desmond An Earldom in southern Ireland.

Desmond A kingdom in southern Ireland.

Destra A district in far northeastern Bulgaria.

Deutschmeister Administrators of the Teutonic Order in Germany. 

Dezana A town in northwestern Italy.

Dhu Jibla A district in central Yemen.

Diaokhi An ancient tribal kingdom in the Caucasus.

Dimi A town in southern Greece.

Dimitrias A town in northern Greece.

Dinkelsbuhl A city in central Germany.

Dir A tribal state in northern Pakistan.

Divrigi A town in Anatolia.

Dizak A small Armenian principality in western Azerbaijan.

Djakarta The capital of Indonesia.


Djarrahid Confederation A Bedouin tribe, based in northwestern Arabia.

Djebel Nefusah A district in the interior of western Libya.

Djerba An island off the coast of Tunisia.

DJIBOUTI A state on the African side of the southern end of the Red Sea.

Dmitrov A town in north-central Russia.

Dobrogea A district in southeastern Romania.

Dogfeiling A minor Principality in northern Wales.

the Dolopes An early Hellenic tribe.

DOMINICA An island state in the eastern Caribbean, between Guadeloupe and Martinique.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC A state on the eastern side of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.

Domnoneé A division of Brittany, in northwestern France.

Dompu A Sultanate located on the island of Sumbawa, in Indonesia.

Dor An ancient Caananite city.

the Dorians An early Hellenic tribe.

Dorogobuzh-Gorynsky A town in northwestern Ukraine.

Dorogobuzh-TverskoiA town in north-central Russia.

Doros (Feodoro) A small Principality in southwestern Crimea.

Dorpat A town in eastern Estonia.

Dortmund A city in northwestern Germany.

Dortmund A county in northwest Germany.

Dos Pilas A Mayan city-state in northern Guatemala.

Douala A city in coastal Cameroon.

Douglas An Earldom in Scotland.

Dragmos An ancient town in eastern Crete.

Draviskos A town in northern Greece.

Drente  A district in northeastern Netherlands.

Dreros A town in eastern Crete.

Dreux A County in northern France.

Drutsk An early community in what is now eastern Belarus.

the Dryopes An early Hellenic tribe.

Dubai An emirate within the United Arab Emirates, on the Persian Gulf.

Dublin The capital city of Ireland, located near the east coast.

Dubrovitsa A town in northwestern Ukraine.

Dumnonia A Dark Ages Kingdom in far southwestern England.

Dunbar A Mediaeval Scottish earldom.

Dunoding A minor principality in northwestern Wales.

Duras A county in Belgium.

Durham A city and bishopric in northern England.

Durres A port city in northwestern Albania.

Dyfed A principality in southern Wales.

Dyffryn Clwd A village in northern Wales.

Dyck A lordship in northwestern Germany.

Dzheraberd  A small Armenian Principality in western Azerbaijan.

Dzibanche A Mayan city-state in eastern Yucatan.

East Anglia A Dark Ages Anglo-Saxon Kindom in eastern England.

East Breifne A minor Kingdom in north-central Ireland.

East Frisia A County (later Principality) in far northwestern Germany.

Easter Island An isolated island in the eastern Pacific.

Eastern (Byzantine) Roman Empire The Eastern division of the Roman state.

EAST TIMOR A state in the southern edge of the Indonesian archipelago.

Ebla An ancient city in northern Syria.

Ecatepec A pre-Columbian Mexican state.

Echten A lordship in the Netherlands.

The Ecrehous A group of islets and rocks within the Channel Islands.

ECUADOR A state in northwestern South America.

Edom A Western Semitic tribal Kingdom in southern Israel and the Sinai.

EGYPT The modern state and ancient civilization in far northeastern Africa.
          Also included is Athribis-Heliopolis, Busiris, the Coptic Patriarchs of Alexandria, Selected Governors of later Egypt, the Hyksos, Leontopolis, Libu, Lower Egypt, Mendes, Naukratis, Pelusium, Pharbaithos, Sais, Sebennytos, Sinai, Thebes, Upper Egypt, and Xois.

Eichstadt A town and Bishopric in central Germany.

Éile A petty kingdom in southwestern Ireland.

Eion  A town in Greek Macedonia.

the Ektines An early Hellenic tribe.

Elam An ancient Kingdom at the head of the Persian gulf.

Elatia  A town in the Greek region of Phocis.

Elba An island off the coast of northwestern Italy, near Corsica.

Elea A town in the Peloponessus, Greece.

Eleusina A town in Greece, now on the outskirts of Athens.

Eleutherna A town in west-central Crete.

Elfael A district in south-central Wales.

Eliki A town in the Peloponessus, Greece.

Elimea An ancient town in northern Greek Macedonia, today known as Grevena.

Ellipi A small ancient kingdom in far western Iran.

Ellwangen A priory in central Germany.

Elmet A small Kingdom in northern England.

El Mirador A Mayan city-state in far northern Guatemala.

EL SALVADOR A state on the Pacific coast of Central America.

Eltyna A town in central Crete.

Elyros A town in western Crete.

Emmeloord A district, formerly a small island, in the Zuiderzee, Netherlands.

Emlyn A Welsh border March

Ename A district in central Belgium.

Enishasi An ancient Caananite city-state.

Enna A town in central Sicily.

Entre Rios A province of Argentina, north of Buenos Aires.

the Eordaea An early Hellenic tribe.

the Epeioi An early Hellenic tribe.

Ephesus A town in western Turkey.

Epirus An early Kingdom in northwestern Greece.

EQUATORIAL GUINEA A small state in west Africa.

Eressos A town on the island of Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea.

Eretria A town on the island of Euboea, central Greece.

ERITREA A state in east Africa, on the Red Sea coast.

Erfurt A town in eastern Germany.

Ergyng A small territory on the border between England and southeastern Wales.

ERITREA A state on the west coast of the Red Sea.

Ermland A district in northeastern Poland.

Eronos A town in eastern Crete.

Ertaea A town in central Crete.

Erzerum A town in eastern Anatolia.

Eshnunna An ancient Kingdom in Mesopotamia.

Essen A convent in northwestern Germany.

Essex An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in eastern England.

Esslingen A city in southwestern Germany.

Etampes A Countship in northern France.

ESTONIA A state on the Baltic sea, below Finland.

ETHIOPIA A state in the mountains of eastern Africa.
          See also: Adal (Ifat), Assaw, Axum, Dauro, Gojam, Harar, Jima, Kaffa, Konta, Shewa, Tigre, and Zion.

Ethiopian Patriarchs The chief religious authorities in Ethiopia.

The Etruscans An ancient people living in northern Italy.

Euboea A large island in central Greece.

Eucratid Kingdom A fragment of the Hellenic Bactrian state, in northern Pakistan.

the Eurytanes An early Hellenic tribe.

Evreux A Countship in northern France.

Ewyas A district in southeastern Wales.

Fadli A sultanate in southwestern Yemen.

Faenza A town in northern Italy.

FAEROE ISLANDS A group of islands in the North Atlantic, between Britain and Iceland.

ui Failghe A lesser kingdom in central Ireland: in English, Offaly.

FALKLAND ISLANDS A group of islands in the South Atlantic, east of Argentina.

Farsi An ancient province in southern Iran, source of the Persian people.

Feodoro A small principality in southwestern Crimea.

Ferghana A city in eastern Uzbekistan.

Fermanagh A lesser kingdom in northern Ireland.

Fez A city in northern Morocco.

Fézensac A countship in the south of France.

Fezzan A region in the interior of western Libya.

Fidenza A town in northern Italy.

Fife A county and ancient Pictish realm in south-central Scotland.

FIJI A state composed of a group of scattered islands in the South Pacific.

FINLAND A Baltic state between Sweden and Russia.

Finnmark A region at the far northern end of Norway.

Fiume A city on the Adriatic coast of Croatia.

Fjadryndaland A petty kingdom in Sweden.

Fjordane The coast between Möre and Bergen in Norway.

Flanders A County in western Belgium.

Flaschenhals (Lorch) A small town in western Germany.

Florence A city in north-central Italy.

Florida A state within the United States, located in the far southeast

Foix A Countship in southern France.

Forcalquier A countship in southern France.

ForezA district in southern France.

Fosdinovo A town in northern Italy.

FRANCE A far state in western Europe.
          See also Albi, Albret, Alençon, Alsace, Amboise, Angoulême, Anjou, Aquitaine, Armagnac, Artois, Astarac, Auvergne, Bar-le-Duc, Bar-sur-Seine, Béarn, Berry, Besançon, Bigorre, Blois, Boulogne, Bourbon, Brittany, Bro Erech, Burgundy (all phases), Calais, Cambrai, Carcassonne, Champagne, Chartres, Chatillon-sur-Marne, Clermont (en Beauvais), Condé, Conti, Cornouaille (Caer Ys), Domnoneé, Dreux, Etampes, Evreux, Fézensac, Foix, Forcalquier, Forez, Gascony, Guise, Joinville, La Marche, Leon, Limoges, Lorraine, Mâcon, Maine, Metz, Nantes, Nevers, Normandy, Orange, Orléans, Paris, Périgord, Picardy, Poitou, Provence, Razes, Reims, Rohan, Roussillon, St. Pol, Septimania, Soissons, Strasbourg, Thouars, Toul, Toulouse, Tours, Valois, Vaudémont, Vendome, Verdun, Vermandois, Vexin, Vienne, Yvetot.

Frankfurt-am-Main A large city in central Germany.

The Franks An early Teutonic tribe, founders of France.
          See also Austrasia, Burgundy, Mayors of the Palace, Neustria.

Freising A town and Bishopric in Bavaria.

French Equatorial Africa A colonial federation in central Africa.

FRENCH GUIANA A dependent state in northern South America.

FRENCH POLYNESIA A dependent state in the southeastern Pacific.
          See Huahine, Pora Pora, Ra'iatea, Taha'a, Tahiti.

French West Africa A colonial federation in northwestern Africa.

Fribourg A Canton of Switzerland.

FriedbergA city in southern Germany.

Frisia A coastal region of northern Netherlands and northwestern Germany.

Friuli A district in northeastern Italy.

Fugger A German noble family.

Fujairah An emirate on the Persian Gulf.

Fulda An imperial abbacy in central Germany.

Fyn An island in Denmark.

Ga'ash An ancient Caananite city-state.

Gabes A port city in central Tunisia.

GABON A state in west Africa.

Gadara An ancient town in northwestern Jordan.

Gaeta A town in southern Italy.

Galata-Pera The foreigners quarter in old Byzantium and Istanbul.

Galatia An ancient Celtic tribal state in central Anatolia.

Galich-Merskiy A town in northern Russia.

Galicia A Kingdom in northwestern Spain.

Galilee An ancient district in northern Israel.

Galitzia A Mediaeval state in western Ukraine.

Gallipoli A peninsula on the northern side of the Bosporus, in far northwestern Turkey.

Galloway A County in southwestern Scotland.

Gallura A city in northern Sardinia.

Galuh A district in western Java.


GAMBIA A small state in far western Africa.

Gamgum An ancient city-state in northern Syria.

Gan Dunias An ancient city-state in northern Syria.

Ganja A district in western Azerbaijan.

Gansu A province in north-central China.

Gaoche A tribal confederacy north of the Gobi Desert.

Gaonim The chief Jewish religious teachers in the Middle East in Mediaeval times.

Gerasa An ancient city in northwest Jordan.

Gascony A County in southern France.

Gath-Karmel An ancient Caananite city-state.

Gatinais A county in northern France.

Gaudos A small island southwest of Crete.

Gazaland A region in southern Mozambique.

Gazaria Genoese possessions in the Crimean Peninsula.

Geba-Shemen An ancient Caananite city-state.

the Gefyraeoi An early Hellenic tribe.

Gela A city in southern Sicily.

Gelderland A district in northern Netherlands.

Gemen A village in northwestern Germany.

Geneva A city and canton in far western Switzerland.

Gengenbach A city in southwestern Germany.

Gennep A small town in eastern Netherlands.

Genoa A city in northwestern Italy.

GEORGIA A state in the western Caucasus Mountains, adjacent to the Black Sea.
          See also Abkhazia, Colchis, Guria, Imereti, Khakheti, Lazica, Mingrelia, Svanet'i.

Georgia  A state within the United States, in the southeast.

Georgian Patriarchate The religious leaders of the Georgian people.

The Gepids An early Teutonic tribe.

Ger Chassidim A Chassidic sect

Geraki A town in southern Greece.

Gerar An ancient Caananite city-state.

Gerger A town in southern Turkey.

GERMANY A state in central Europe.
          See also General Indices page, Germany A-E, Germany F-H, Germany I-M, Germany N-R, Germany S, Germany T-Z, Imperial Archbishoprics, Imperial Bishoprics A-G, Imperial Bishoprics H-P, Imperial Bishoprics R-W, Imperial Abbacies, Teutonic Tribes.

Gerona A city and district in far northeastern Spain.

Gerrha An ancient tribal Kingdom in eastern Arabia.

GersauA town in central Switzerland.

Gersik A town in southern Latvia.

Geshur An ancient Caananite city-state.

Geumgwam A minor Kingdom in southern Korea.

Gezer An ancient Caananite city-state.

Ghana (Old) A early Empire in northwestern Africa, located roughly where Mali is now.

GHANA A state in West Africa.
          See also Akim, Akwamu, Ashante, Bono, Dagomba, Denkyira.

Ghazi-Ghumuq A territory in the northern Caucasus.

GIBRALTAR A town at the southern tip of Spain.

Giengen A city in southwestern Germany.

Gilan A district on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.

The Girai Khans of Krym A Tatar Khanate in the Crimea.

Gjirokaster A community in Mediaeval Epirus.

Glamorgan A region in southern Wales.

Glarus A Canton of Switzerland.

Glastenning A Dark-Ages Celtic sub-kingdom in what is now Somersetshire, southwest England.

Glastonbury An abbey in Somersetshire, England.

Gloms An ancient Scandinavian tribe.

Gluckhov A town in north-central Ukraine.

Glywysing A district in southestern Wales.

Gmund A city in southwestern Germany.

Goa A city and district on the west coast of India.

Gobir A Hausa Kingdom in Niger.

Gododdin A tribal Kingdom in southern Scotland.

Gojam A district in northwestern Ethiopia.

The Golden Horde The Mongol Horde which occupied Russia.

Golkonda A Deccan state within east-central India.

Gomiy A city in southeastern Belarus.

Gondal A town in western India.

Gordum A petty Kingdom in Denmark.

Gordyene An ancient Kingdom in far southeastern Anatolia.

Gorizia A town in northeastern Italy

Gorodets-Dregovsky A town in central Belarus.

Gorodets-Radilov A town in Russia, northeast of Moscow.

Gortys A city in central Crete.

Görz A county in northeastern Italy

Goslar A city in north-central Germany.

The Goths An early Teutonic tribe, split early into Ostrogoths (east) and Visigoths (west).

Gotland An island in the Baltic Sea.

Götland A region in south-central Sweden.

GottscheeA town in southern Slovenia.

Gower A district in far southern Wales.

Gozo An island adjacent to Malta.

Granada An emirate in southeastern Spain.

Grand Comoro The largest island in the Comoros, between northern Madagascar and Africa.

Grand Viziers Chief administrators of the Ottoman Empire.

Graubunden A Canton in southeastern Switzerland.

Gravina A lordship in southern Italy.

GREAT BRITAINAn island state in western Europe.
          See also Aileach, Alderney, Anglesey, Angus, Argyll, Armagh, Atholl, Bamburgh, Bath, Bernicia, the Bretwaldas, the Brigantes, Brycheiniog, Bryneich, Buchan, Caer Baddan, Caer Ceri, Caer Gawch, Caer Gloui, Caithness, Calchwynedd, Canterbury, the Cantii, Carrick, Catraeth, the Catuvellauni, Ceredigion, Chester, Chilterns, Cirencester, Cornwall, Counts of the Saxon Shore, Cumberland, DalRiada, Deheubarth, Deira, Demetia, Dogfeiling, Dunbar, Dunoding, Dumnonia, Durham, Dux Britanniarum, Dyfed, East Anglia, Elmet, England, Ergyng, Essex, Fermanagh, Fife, Galloway, Glastenning (Glastonbury), Gloucester, Glywysing, Goddodin, Guinntguic, Gwent, Gwerthrynion, Gwynedd, Hwicce, the Iceni, Iona, Isle of Man, Isle of Wight, Jorvik, Kent, Kernow, Lindsey, Lindisfarne, London, Lord High Stewards of England, Lord High Stewards of Scotland, Lord Mayors of London, Lord of the Isles, Lorne, Lothian, Magonset, Malienydd, Meirionydd, Meonwara, Mercia, Moray, Morgannwg, Norfolk, North Powys, Northumbria, Oriel, Orkney Isles, Pengwern, Penychen, the Picts, Powys, Prime Ministers, Rheged, Rheinwg, Rhos, Rhufoniog, Richmond, Ross, St. Andrews, St. Davids, Sark, Scotland, Seisyllwg, Selcovia, Shetland Isles, the Silures, Skye, Somerset, South Powys, Strathclyde, Strathearn, Surrey, Sussex, Sutherland, the Trinovantes, Tyrconnell, Ulster, the Votadini, Wales (English Princes of), Warwick, Wessex, Westminster, York (Archbishops), York (Dukes), Ysfeilion.

Great Wallachia A tribal state in northwestern Greece.

Greater Poland A duchy in central Poland.

GREECE A state in southeastern Europe.
          See also Abdera, Acanthos, Achaea, Aegiale, Aegina, Aegion, Aena, Aenia, the Aethiki, Aetolia, the Agraeoi, Agrinio, Ahhiyawa, the Akarnanes, Akova, Aliartos, Allaria, the Almopia, Alonnisos, Alos, Alzyia, Ambracia, Amorgos, Amphipolis, Anaktorio, Anaphi, Andros, Angelokastro, Anopolis, Anthedon, Antikera, Antiparos, Antissa, the Aones, the Aperandoi, Apollonia, Aptera, Aradaena, Arcadia, Arcesine, Archons of Athens, Argos, Arkades, Arsinoe, Astakos, Astypalaea, the Athamanes, Athens, Athos, the Atindanes, the Avandes, Avia, Axos, the Boeotoi, Cephalonia, Cezair Bahr i-Sefid, Chaeronea, Chalandritsa, Chalkida,the Chaones, Chios, Corfu, Corinth, Cos, Crete,Delos, Delphi, Demetrias, Dimi, the Dolopes, the Dorians, Dragmos, Draviskos, the Dryopes, Dreros, Eion, the Ektines, Elatia, Elea, Eleusina, Eleutherna, Eliki, Elimea, Eltyna, Elyros, the Eordaea, the Epeioi, Epirus, Eressos, Eretria,Eronos, Ertaea, Euboea, the Eurytanes, Gaudos, the Gephyraeoi, Geraki, Gortys, Halki, Hermoine, Herronisos, Ialyssos, Ierapytna, the Idonoi, Ioannina, Iolkos, the Ionians, Ios, Ipati, Istron, Itanos, Iteia, Ithaca, Iulus, Kalatvryta, Kalymnos, Kamiros, Kaphies, Karpathos, Kartheae, Karystos, Karytaena, Kassos, Kastellorizo, Katri, Kea, Keraea, the Kikones, Kimolos, Kissamos, Kleones, Klitor, Knossos, Koroneia, Koroni, Korresia, the Krestones, Kretonia, Kydonia, Kyparissia, Kythnos, the Lapithes, Lappa, Larissa, Lassaea, Lato, the Leleges, Lemnos, Leros, Lesbos, Leucas, Lilaea, Lindos, Lisos, Locria, Lykastros, Lyktos, the Lyngistes, Macedonia (Hellenic), the Magnites, Maina, Malia, the Malieis, Malla, Mandinea, Maronea, Matala, Medea, Megalopolis, Megara, Meliboea, Messina, Messinia, Miletus, Milos, Minoa, Modaeoi, the Molossoi, Monemvassia, the Mygdones, Mykonos, Mythimna, Mycenae, Mytilini, Nauplia, Naxos, Nemea, Nisyros, Nivelet, Nykli, the Oetaeoi, Olous, Olyanthos, Oraeoi, Orchomenos, the Orestes, Orion, Ormenio, Orneoi, the Paetoi, Panopeus, Panormos, Paros, Passavas, Patmos, Patras, the Pelasgoi, Pellini, Pergamos, the Perraivoi, Phaestos, Phalanna, Phalasarna, Phares, Pheneos, Phlious, Phokis, Phthia, Pisa, Plataea, Poiiessa, Polychna, Polykandros, Polyrrenia, Potidaea, Praesos, Preveza, Priansos, Pylos, Raukos, Rezinea, Rethymnia, Rhodes, Rytio, Salamis, Samos, Samothraki, the Sea Peoples, Seriphos, Sicyon, Sikinos, Siphnos, Sisaea, Skiathos, Skopelos, Skyros, Sparta, the Sporades, Stratos, Stymphalos, Syia, Symi, Syros, Syvritos, Tanagra, Tanos, Taphos, Tarra, Tegea (Crete), Tegea (Peloponessian), the Temmikes, Thasos, Thebes, Thera, Thespies, the Thesprotians, Thessalonika, Thessaly, Thrace, Tilos, Tinos, Tiryns, Toroni, Troezina, Tylissos, Veligosti, Viennos, the Visaltes, the Vistones, Vodonitsa, the Yandes, Yrtakos, Zacros, Zante.

GREENLAND An Arctic island off northeastern North America.

GRENADA An island state in the Windwards, eastern Caribbean.

Grimberg A small county in central Belgium.

Griqualand A district in South Africa.

Grodno A city in far western Belarus.

GUADELOUPE An island in the Windwards, eastern Caribbean.

Guadix A city in southern Spain.

GUAM An island of Micronesia, in the western Pacific.

Guastalla A city in northern Italy.

GUATEMALA A state in western Central America.
          See also Cakchiquel, Dos Pilas, Los Altos, Mutul (Tikal), Quiche, Quirigua,

Guayaquil A district in southern Colombia.

Gudbrandsdal A region in south-central Norway.

GUERNSEY An island in the Channel Islands.

Gu-Ge A city-state in Tibet, west of Lhasa.

GUINEA A state in West Africa.

GUINEA-BISSAU A state in West Africa.

Guines A town in far northern France.

Guise A Duchy in northern France.

Gujarat A region in western India.

Gulistan A small Armenian Principality in western Axerbaijan.

Gun-Than A district in southern Tibet.

Gurat A district in Yemen.

Guria A district in the western Caucasus.

Gurk A Bishopric in southern Austria.

Gurkha A district in central Nepal.

Guti An ancient tribal Kingdom in western Iran.

GUYANA A state in northern South America.

Gwadar A port city in extreme southwestern Pakistan.

Gwandu An Emirate in northern Nigeria.

Gwent A district in southern Wales.

Gwerthrynion A district in southern Wales.

Gwynedd A Kingdom in north Wales.

Haamstede A village in the Rhine estuary, southern Netherlands.

al-Haasa A region in Arabia on the Persian Gulf.

Habsburg A countship in what is now eastern Switzerland.

Hadeland A tribal kingdom in southern Norway.

Hadramaut A region, and ancient Kingdom, in southern Yemen.

Ha'il An Emirate in central Arabia.

Hainault A County in southern Belgium.

HAITI A state in the northern Caribbean, on the western third of Hispaniola.

The Hakham Basi Jewish ethnarchs in the Ottoman Empire.

Halberstadt A town and Bishopric in north-central Germany.

Halle A city in southwestern Germany.

Hallingsdal A Dark Ages tribal kingdom in Norway.

Halogaland A district in central Norway.

Hälsingland A province in central Sweden.

Hamath A city in western Syria.

Hamazi An ancient kingdom in the Zagros Mountains.

Hamburg A large city in northern Germany.

Hampshire A County in southwestern England.

Hamriyah A small port in the United Arab Emirates.

Hanzith  A Mediaeval Armenian Kingdom, also called Antzitene.

Haraiva A tribe of proto-Iranians, located in what is now western Iran.

Haram An ancient Arabian kingdom.

Harar The lowlands of eastern Ethiopia.

Harcourt A countship in Normandy.

Härjedalen A district in northern Sweden.

Harran A city just inside Turkey, near the Syrian and Iraqi frontiers.

Hastings A town on the southeast coast of Britain.

Hatra A town in northern Iraq.

Hatzfeldt A noble family in western Germany.

Havelberg A town and Bishopric in north-central Germany.

Hawaii An island chain in the north-central Pacific.

Hayasha A town in Syria, on the upper Euphrates.

Hazayi An ancient Caananite city.

Hazi An ancient Caananite city.

Hazor A town in northern Israel.

The Hebrews Notes on the various ancient Hebrew tribes and septs.

Hebron A town in central Israel.

Hedeby A north German site in southeastern Jutland, near the Danish border.

Hedmark A county in Norway.

Heilbronn A city in southwestern Germany.

Heitersheim A Grand Priory of the Knights of St. John in southwestern Germany.

Hejaz A region in western Arabia.

Helgoland An island in the North Sea, not far from the northwestern German coast.

The Hephtalites A group of early steppe nomads from Central Asia.

Heraclea Pontica An ancient city in northwestern Turkey.

Hercegovina A region in the western Balkans.

Hereti A Mediaeval Armenian state.

Hereford A county in southern England.

Herford A German abbey.

Herm A minor islet in the Channel Islands.

The HermanduriAn early Teutonic tribe.

Hermoine A town in southern Greece.

Herronisos A town in central Crete.

The Heruli A confederation of early Dark-Age Teutonic tribes.

Heshbon A town in central Jordan.

Heusden A lordship in the Netherlands.

al-Hijr A tribal kingdom in northwestern Arabia.

Hildesheim A Bishopric in northern Germany.

Hildesheim A city in northern Germany.

Himyar An ancient Kingdom in Yemen.

Hirah A region in southern Mesopotamia.

Hisn Kayfa A town in southeastern Turkey.

Hit A town in Iraq.

Hocings An ancient Scandinavian tribe.

Hoekelum A small lordship in northern Netherlands.

Hohenberg A group of lordships in southwestern Germany.

Hohenzollern A group of lordships in southwestern Germany.

Hojo A Daimyo clan in Japan.

Hokkaido The northernmost island in Japan.

Hólar A Bishopric in Iceland.

Holland A County in western Netherlands.

Holy Roman Empire The Mediaeval successor to the Western Empire - Central Europe, generally.

Homs An ancient city in west-central Syria.

HONDURAS A state in Central America.

Hoogstraeten A dukedom on the Belgian/Netherlands border.

Hordaland A region of western Norway.

Hormuz A small island in the Straita of Hormuz which connect the Persian Gulf to the Indian Ocean.

Hosokawa A Daimyo clan in Japan.

Hou Zhou An early state in northwestern China.

Hrafnista A district in northern Norway.

Hsien-Pi A proto Mongolic people who replaced the Hsiung-Nu north of China's Great Wall.

Hsiung-Nu A Siberian people, ancestors of the Huns.

Huahine An island in the eastern Pacific, in northwestern French Polynesia.

Hubaekche An ephemeral state in southwestern Korea.

Hue A local Vietnamese Kingdom.

Huelva A town in far southern Spain.

Hunan A province in southern China.

Hundings An ancient Germanic tribe.

HUNGARY A state in central Europe, on the central Danube plains.

Huns A tribe of steppe nomads who invaded Europe in the 4th century CE.

Hunza A tribal state in India's Northwest Frontier, modern northern Pakistan.

Hwicce A petty Kingdom in southern England.

Hyderabad A city in south-central India, the largest of the raj principalities.

Hydra an island in the Aegean.

Hyksos An ancient confederacy of Levantine nomads.

Ialyssos A city on the northern end of the island of Rhodes.

Ibadan A city in western Nigeria.

Ibiza The westernmost of the Balearic Isles.

ICELAND An island state in far northwestern Europe.
          See also Hólar, Reykjavik, Skálholt.

Idalion A town in central Cyprus.

the Idonoi An early Hellenic tribe.

Ierapytna A city in eastern Crete.

IJsselstein A barony in central Netherlands.

Ilia A town in southern Greece.

Ilisu A small state situated between Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the Caucasus.

Illinois An American state, located in the midwest.

Illyria An ancient tribal state in the western Balkans.

Ilorin A city in southwestern Nigeria.

Imereti A district in Western Georgia, the Caucasus.

Imola A town in central Italy.

Inabba An ancient Arabian kingdom.

INDIA A large state in south Asia.
          See Ahmadnagar, Anjuvannam (Shingly), Arcot, Assam, Awadh, Avuku, Bahawalpur, Baluchistan, Bangladesh (Bengal), Baroda, Benares, Berar, Bhatgaon, Bhutan, Bidar, Bijapur, Bikaner, British East India Company, Cannanore, Chittagong, Chola, Cochin, Deccan, Delhi, Eucratid Bactria, Eucratid Kingdom, Goa, Golkonda, Gujarat, Gurkha, Gwadar, Gwalior, Hyderabad, Indore, Indus Valley Civilization, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jaunpur, Jodhpur, Kalat, Katmandu, Kerala, Khairpur, Kidara, Kolhapur, Kutch, Lahore, Madurai, Magadha, Maharashtra, Malwa, Manipur, the Maratha Confederacy, Mathura, Monyul, Multan, Mustang, Mysore, Nagpur, Nepal, Orissa, Pallava, Patan, Patiala, Peshawar, Phatlan, Pondicherry, Poona, Punjab, Sakya, Sandwip, Satavahana, Saurashtra, the Sikhs, Sikkim, Sindh, Suren, Tanjore, Travancore, Udaipur, Vallabhi, Venad, Vijayanagar.

Indiana An American state, located in the midwest.

Indian Stream An ephemeral republic in far northern New Hampshire, USA.

INDONESIA A large island state in far southeastern Asia.
          See Atjeh, Bali, Bandjarmasin, Banten, Bima, Bone, Demak, Dompu, Jambi, Java, Jogjakarta, Kan-t'o-li, Kediri, Macassar, Majapahit, Mataram(Elder), Mataram (Younger), Netherlands East India Company, New Guinea (Irian), Pajang, Palembang, Pontianak, Sailendra, Singhasari, Srivijaya, Surakarta,Tambora, Ternate, Timor, Tidore, Yeh-p'o-ti.

Indore A Maratha city and district in central India.

Ingria A district in northwestern Russia, between St. Petersburg and  Estonia.

Ingushetia A district in the northern Caucasus.

The Ingvaeones An ancient tribe or confederacy of Teutonic people.

Ioannina A city in northwestern Greece.

Iolkos An ancient district in northern Greece.

Iona An island Abbacy in western Scotland.

the Ionians An early Hellenic tribe.

Ios An island in the south-central Aegean.

Iowa An American state, located in the midwest.

Ipati A town in central Greece.

IRAN A Middle-Eastern state located between Iraq and Afghanistan.
          See also: Ahar, Anshan, Arabistan, Ardebil, Atropatene, (Iranian) Azerbaijan, Daylam, Drangiana, Elymais, Fars, Gilan, the Horde of the Black Sheep, the Horde of the White Sheep, Hamadan, Hyrcania, Idaj, the Isma'ilis, Jibal, Lur-I-Burzug, Lur-I-Kuchik, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khoy, Khurasan, Kujur, Luristan, Maku, Mannai, Mazandaran, Media (Madai), Nur, the Parni, Persida, Sabzevar, Sagarta, Sakastan, Sarab, Shiraz, Sistan, Tabaristan, Tabriz, and Zarrinaal.

IRAQ A Middle-Eastern state occupying Mesopotamia.
          See also: Adab, Adiabene,Akkad, Akshak, Araba, Arrapha, Assyria, Babylon, Basra, Comukha, Dayani, Elam, Eshnunna, Garamaea, Guti, Hatra, Isin, Kirkuk, Kish, Kurdistan, Lagash, Larsa, Mitanni, Mosul, Takrit, Umma, Ur, Urakluiras, Uruk.

IRELAND An island state in the British Isles, far western Europe.
          See also: Aileach, Armagh, Breifne, Connaught, Desmond (Earldom), Desmond (Kingdom), Dublin, East Breifne, ui Failghe (Offaly), Fermanagh, Kildare, Leinster, Limerick, ui Mhaine, Meath, Munster, Oriel, Ormond,Ossory, Thomond, Tyrconnell, Ulster, and Waterford.

The Irminones An ancient tribe or confederacy of Teutonic people.

Isenburg A group of associated Countships and Principalites in western Germany.

Isin An ancient Kingdom in southern Iraq.

Islay An island in the Hebrides, off northwestern Scotland.

ISLE of MAN An island in the Irish Sea, between Iereland and Britain.

Isle of Wight An island off the coast of southern England.

The Ismailis (Assassins) An Order of Shiite Muslims.

Isny A city in southern Germany.

ISRAEL A state in the central Levant, between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean.

IssedonesAn ancient people of Central Asia.

Istria A peninsular district in western Slovenia.

Istron A city in eastern Crete.

The IstvaeonesAn ancient tribe or confederacy of Teutonic people.

ITALY A state in southern Europe.
          See also: Agrigento, Alba Longa, Amalfi, Ancona, Apulia, Aquileia, Arborea, Ariccia, Arimnus, Asti, Aversa, Barbagia, Bari, Benevento, Bergamo, Bologna, Bozzolo, Brescia, Cagliari, Caisra, Camerino, Capua, Carpi, Catania, Cesena, Chamars, Colorno, Corsica, Cremona, Crotone, Curtun, Dezana, Elba, Faenza, Ferrara, Fidenza, Finale Borgo, Forli, Friuli, Enna, the Etruscans, Fosdinovo, Gaeta, Gallura, Gela, Genoa, Goritzia, Gozo, Guastalla, Imola, Ivrea, Lavinium, Lentini, Lodi, Lucca, Malta, Mantua, the Marsi, Massa-Carrara, Matelica, Melfi, Messina, Milan (temporal), Milan (Archbishopric), Mirandola, Modena, Montferrat, Naples, Novara, Ossola, Padua, Palermo, the Papacy, Parma, Pavia, Perugia, Perusna, Pesaro, Piacenza, Piedmont, Piombino, Pisa, Ponte Corvo, the Pontifex Maximus, Ravenna, Reggio de Calabria, Reggio nell'Emilia, Rimini, Roman Consuls, Rome, Sabbioneta, Salerno, the Samnites, San Marino, San Severino, Sardinia, Sassari, Savona, Savoy, Segesta, Sicily, Siena, Spoleto, Sybaris, Syracuse, Taranto, Tarchna, Torres, Treviso, Trieste, Turin, Tuscany, Tusculum, Udine, Urbino, Veii, Venice, Verona, Vescovato, Vicenza, Viterbo.

Itanos A city in eastern Crete.

Iteia A city in eastern Crete.

Ithaca An island off northwestern Greece.

Iturea A district in southern Lebanon.

Iulus The chief city on the Aegean island of Kea.

Ivrea A district in northern Italy.

Izyaslavl A town in central Belarus.

Jabal ad-Duruz A district in far southern Syria.

Jadar A petty Kingdom in Norway.

Jadirat A Mongol tribal confederacy subordinate to the Keraits.

Jaen A city in southern Spain.

Jaffa A city in northern Israel.

Jaffna A city in northern Sri Lanka.

Jaipur A city in western India.

Jaisalmer A city in western India, within the Thar desert.

Jama'are  An emirate in northeastern Nigeria.

JAMAICA An island state in the northern Caribbean.

Jambi A district in Sumatra.

Jammu A very mountainous region of north and northwest Kashmir.

Jamtland An inland district in western Sweden.

JAPAN An island state in far eastern Asia.

The Jarawa A Berber confederacy.

Jaunpur A city in northern India.

Java An island in southern Indonesia.

The Jebusites A western Semitic tribal group.

Jerez A city in southern Spain.

Jericho An ancient city in Israel.

JERSEY An island in the Channel Islands.

Jerusalem The Eastern Orthodox Patriarchs in this city.

Jerusalem The Latin (Roman Catholic) Patriarchs in this city.

The Jesuits A Roman Catholic priestly Order.

Jethou A minor islet in the Channel Islands.

Jever A Frisian barony in far northwestern Germany.

Jewish Colonies in Egypt Various ancient Jewish communities in the around the Nile.

JhalawarA town in western India.

Jhansi A district in north-central India.

Jibal A region in north-central Iran.

Jima A sultanate in southwestern Ethiopia.

Jin A tribal confederation in early southern Korea.

Jomsberg A Norse Mercenary Order in Pagan times.

Jodhpur A city on the edge of the Great Thar desert, in western India.

Jogjakarta A state in central Java.

Johore A state in the southern Malay Peninsula.

Joinville A county in northern France.

JORDAN A state in the Levant, east of the Jordan River.

Juan-Juan A tribe of Proto-Mongol steppe nomads.

Juba A province in southern Somalia.

Juhuri A Jewish ethnic group in the eastern Caucasus

Jülich A Rhenish duchy in far western Germany.

Junagadh A city in far western India.

Jutland The peninsular mainland of Denmark.

Kaarta A Bambara state in the interior of southern Mauretania.

Kabarda A Circassian principality in the northwest Caucasus.

Kabul A city in eastern Afghanistan.

Kaffa A district in southwestern Ethiopia, the place where coffee was first cultivated.

Kaisersheim An abbey in southern Germany.

Kalavryta A town in southern Greece.

Kalba A short-lived Emirate within what is now the United Arab Emirates.

Kalemegdan A citadel in Belgrade, Serbia.

Kalisz A city in west-central Poland.

The Kalmucks (Oirat) A Mongolic tribe of steppe nomads in Central Asia.

Kalymnos A Dodecanese island northwest of Cos.

Kamata An early kingdom in northeastern India.

Kamboja An ancient kingdom in northern India.

Kaminahu An ancient Arabian kingdom.

Kamiros A city on the western shore of Rhodes.

Kammin A Bishopric in northwestern Poland.

Kamsarakan A Mediaeval Armenian xclan-Principality.

Kan-Chou An Uighur Khanate in western China.

Kandy A city in Sri Lanka.

Kanem-Bornu A regional Kingdom in central Chad.

Kangui An ancient tribal confederation in Central Asia.

Kano An Emirate in northern Nigeria.

Kansas A state within the United States, located within the central Great Plains.

Kaphies A town in southern Greece.

Karachai In the Caucasus Mountains.

Karagwe A tribal Kingdom on the west shore of Lake Victoria.

Karak A minor Kingdom in southern Korea.

Karalla A small ancient kingdom in far western Iran.

Kargolom A district in northwestern Russia.

The Karluks A Turkic confederation east and south of the Aral Sea.

Karpathos An island in the southern Aegean Sea.

Kars A town and district in northeastern Turkey.

Karthaea A town on the southeast coast of the Aegean island of Kea.

Karystos A port city at the southern tip of the Greek island of Euboea.

Karytaena A town in southern Greece.

Kashgar A city in far western Xinjiang.

Kashin A town in north-central Russia.

KashmirA region in far northern India, between northern Pakistan and Tibet.

Kasimov A Khanate in Russia, near the Urals.

Kassos The southernmost Dodecanese island in the Aegean.

Kastellorizo A small Greek island east of Rhodes.

Katanga A province in southeastern Congo (Kinshasa).

Kathiri A sultanate in eastern Yemen.

Katmandu A city in central Nepal.

Katri A city in western Crete.

Katsina A city in far northern Nigeria.

Kaufbeuren A city in southern Germany.

Kayi An Oghuz Turkic clan, ancestors of the Ottomans, 

Kayor A tribal state in coastal Senegal.

Kaytak A people living in the northern Caucasus.

Kazan A Khanate in Russia, near the Urals.

Kazembe A Bantu Kingdom in Katanga, Congo.

Kebbi A city in northern Nigeria.

Kedah A district in far northern Malaysia.

Kedar A Bedouin tribe in eastern Syria.

Kediri A state in central Java.

Kel Ahaggar A Tuareg confederacy in southern Algeria.

Kelantan A district in northern Malaysia.

Kema A town in northwestern Russia.

Kempten A Benedictine Abbey in Bavaria.

Kempten A city in southern Germany.

Kent A county in far southeastern England.

Kentucky A state of the United States, within the south-central Appalachians.

Kenuni A petty state in eastern Anatolia.

KENYA A state in east Africa.
          See: Mombasa, Pate.

Keos An island in the Cyclades, within the Aegean Sea.

Keraea A city in western Crete.

Keraits A Mongolic people of Central Asia.

Kerala A region in southwestern India.

Keremi A Hunnic group living in the Crimean Peninsula.

Kerkennah Islands A group of islands off the coast of Tunisia.

Kerman A city in southern Iran.

Kermanshah A city in eastern Iran.

Kessel A barony in the Netherlands.

Khakass A nomad people of Central Asia.

Khakheti A district of Caucasian Georgia.

Khandesh A district in north-central India.

Khardj An emirate in central Arabia.

Khalka A Mongolic group living in central Mongolia.

Khartpert A town in east-central Anatolia.

Khasa A Malla state in western Nepal.

Khashabu An ancient Caananite town.

Khavkhazia A Hunnic group living in the Caucasus.

The Khazakh Horde A steppe nomad group living in Central Asia.

KHAZAKHSTAN A large state within Central Asia.

Khazaria A Turkic nation within the Ukraine and southern Russia.

Khazars Supplemental information.

Khiva A state in Central Asia, south of the Aral Sea.

Khokand A city in far eastern Uzbekistan.

Kholm A town in north-central Russia.

Khorkhoruni A Mediaval Armenian clan-Principality.

Khoros A town in southern Turkey.

Khotan An oasis and city in southwestern Xinjiang.

Khoy A small Khanate in far northwestern Iran.

Khurasan A large region in northeastern Iran.

Khwarazm A state and, briefly, Empire, in Central Asia.

Kiev The Eastern Orthodox Metroplitan Patriarchs of this city.

Kiev The largest city in the Ukraine, and basis of the early Russian state.

the Kikones An early Hellenic tribe.

Kildare A County of southern Ireland.

Kilwa A Sultanate on the Kenyan coast of East Africa.

Kimolos A small island in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea.

Kindah An early Kingdom of central Arabia.

Kirchberg A Burggraviate in western Germany, near Nassau.

KIRIBATI An island State in the west-central Pacific.

Kirkuk A city in northern Iraq.

Kish An ancient Kingdom in Mesopotamia.

Kissamos An ancient town in western Crete.

Kittim An ancient town in Cyprus.

Kldekari A Georgian Duchy in the Caucasus.

Klechesk A town in central Belarus.

Kleones A town in southern Greece.

Klitor A town in southern Greece.

Knossos An ancient city in central Crete.

Koblenz A town in western Germany, the site of a Teutonic Knights Bailiwick.

Koguryu A Kingdom in northern Korea.

Kolberg An ephemeral Bishopric in northwestern Poland.

Kolhapur A Marathan state within central India.

Köln (Cologne) An important city in western Germany.

Kolomna A town in central Russia.

Kolonae An ancient community in the Troad, far northwestern Turkey.

Königsegg Several associated countships in Bavaria.

Konta A state in western Ethiopia.

Kordofan A large region in west-central Sudan.

KOREA A state, partitioned into Northern and Southern zones, in far east Asia,
          See also: Byeonhan, Ancient Chosun, Gaya Confederation, Geumgwan Gaya, Gija Joseon, Hubaekche, Jin, Jinhan, Karak (Pom Gaya), Koguryo, Mahan, Majin (T'aebong), Paekche, Parhae, Puyo, Silla, Tae Gaya, Tamna, Usan-Guk.

Koroneia A town in northern Greece.

Koroni A town in southern Greece.

Korresia A town on the island of Keos, in the Aegean Sea.

Kosovo A district in central Serbia.

Kostroma A town in central Russia.

Kotah A town in western India.

Kourion An ancient town in southern Cyprus.

Koya-Temne A tribal state in what is now northwestern Sierra Leone.

the Krestones An early Hellenic tribe.

Kretonia An ancient city on the island of Rhodes.

KrumauA town in southern Czech Republic.

Kshatrapa An ancient Kingdom in west-central India.

Kuba A town in northern Azerbaijan.

Kubu A district on the west coast of Borneo.

Kucha A town within Xinjiang.

Kuiavia A Duchy in central Poland.

Kuinre A small lordship in northern Netherlands.

Kukeinos A town in western Latvia.

Kurdistan A region of northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey.

Kurland A region in western and central Latvia.

Kursk A city in south-central Russia.

Kurut, An ancient kingdom in northern India.

Kush An ancient state in what is now the Sudan.

Kushan An early Buddhist Empire in what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Kutai An ancient state in eastern Borneo.

Kutch A district in far western India.

KUWAIT An emirate at the head of the Persian Gulf.

Kvenland An ancient region in Finland.

Kyburg A castle in northern Switzerland.

Kydonia A city in western Crete.

KyparissiaA city in southern Greece.

KYRGYZSTAN A state in the mountains of Central Asia.

Kythira an island in the Aegean.

Kythnos An island in the western Cyclades, Aegean Sea.

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