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The Low Countries
Comprising the lands around the Rhine delta and extending
north to the Frisian coast, these regions have had an influence on European
and world history all out of proportion to their size, owing to their strategic
location and the patient enterprise of the inhabitants.
This has: Abcoude, Almelo, Altena, Ameland, Antwerp, Arlon, Batenburg,
Belgium, Bergen-op-Zoom,
Borculo,
Bouillon, Boxmeer,
Brabant, Breda, Buren,
Burgundy,
Chiny, Culemborg,
Cuyk,
Dalhem,
Drente,
Duras,
East
Frisia, Emmeloord, Echten, Ename, Flanders,
Frisia,
Gelderland, Gemert, Gennep,
Grimbergen,
Haamstede,
Hainault,
Hamaland, Heusden, Hoekelum,
Holland, Hoogstraeten, IJsselstein, Kessel, Kuinre,
La Barrière,
Lands Beyond
the Meuse,
Liege,
Limburg,
Loon,
Lower
Lorraine,
Luikergow,
Luxembourg,
Maastricht,
Mechelen,
Moha,
Mons, Montfoort,
Moresnet,
Namur,
the
Netherlands, Prinsenland, Putten,
Ravenstein, Rechteren, Rode, Ruinen,
's-Hertogenrade, Steenbergen, Strijen, Thorn,
Tournai,
Twente,
Twickel, Urk,
Utrecht,
Valenciennes,
Valkenburg,
Veere, Velsen,
Vianden, Vianen, Voorne, Waterland,
West
Frisia, Westerwolde, Willemstad, Woerden, Zalk-Veecaten, Zeeland, Zutphen, and Zuylen.
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ALMELO Almelo is a city in eastern Netherlands, in the district of Twente,
some 72 miles (116 km.) east of Amsterdam and about 8 miles (13 km.)
from the German frontier.The lordship of Almelo, the territory
around the present city, is first mentioned in 1157. Its lords became
counts of the Holy Roman Empire in 1705. It kept, more than other
lordships in Overijssel, its relative independence from its
overlord, the bishop of Utrecht and the Lordship of Overijssel until
the abolition of the lordship in 1795.
- ALMELO
- Everard...................................fl. 1157-1169
- ?
- Arnold I..................................fl. 1207-1220
- ?
- Hendrik I.................................fl. 1233-1277
- Arnold II.................................fl. 1277-1282
- Egbert I........................................d. 1303
- Arnold III....................................1303-1307/8
- Egbert II...................................1307/8-1337/8
- Arnold IV...................................1337/8-1360/66
- Beatrix (fem.)..............................1360/66-1398 > with...
- HEECKEREN, called Van Der EESE
- Everard II (Evert)......................c. 1360/66-1404
- Egbert III....................................1404-1452/3
- Johan I.......................................1453-1457 d. < 1459
- Heeckeren, called Van Rechteren
- Sweder (also in Voorst).......................1457-1470 d. 1484
- Otto..........................................1470-1478
- Frederik (in Rechteren 1478-1490).............1478-1485 d. 1490
- Johan II (from 1490 also in Rechteren)........1485-1500
- Adolf I.......................................1500- < 1520
- Hendrik II................................. < 1521-1566/7
- He
sold the Lordship 1561 to his brother-in-law Herman van Westerholt,
which was not recognized by other members of the Heeckeren family.
- WESTERHOLT
- Agnes.........................................1567-1616 with...
- TORCK
- Rutger.....................................c. 1575-< 1593 opposed by...
- Johan van Heeckeren (van Rechteren)...........1567-1580 and then by...
- Adolf van Heeckeren (van Rechteren)...........1580- < 1598 and then by...
- Johan van Heeckeren (van Rechteren)........ < 1598-1619 d. 1641
- vacant 1616-1619
- HEECKEREN, called Van Rechteren
- Johan III.................................... 1619-1641
- Zeger Philip..................................1641-1674
- RECHTEREN
- Adolf Hendrik (1st Imperial Count 1705).......1674-1731
- Philip Adolf..................................1731-1771
- Sophia Carolina Florentina (fem.)..............1771-1795 d. 1805
- Her
succession was opposed by her father’s brothers and her cousins.
She won the case in 1796, but it was too late: the lordship of Almelo
had been suppressed in 1795.
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Holland 1806, France 1810, and the Netherlands 1814...
ALTENA
A lordship in the very north of the province of North-Brabant,
between the Dammed Maas, the Upper Merwede, the Biesbos and the
Bergse Maas, its geographical centre between Rotterdam, 28 miles (46
km.) to the west, and ‘s-Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc), 20 miles
(32 km.) to the east. It had been a part of the Carolingian county of
Teisterbant, which disintegrated in the early 11th century. Altena then
became a fief of the counts of Cleves.
- Dirk I.....................................fl 1143-1172
- Dirk II........................................fl. 1189
- Boudewijn.................................fl. 1189-1200 d. 1200
- Dirk III..................................fl. 1208-1241 d. 1241/2
- Margaretha (or Heilwig?)
(fem.)
- To Horn(es).................................1241/2-1568
- Dirk IV...................................fl. 1264 d. 1272
- A fief of Holland.............................1332-1795
- The personal union between
Horn(es) and Altena was dissolved after the death of Philippe de
Montmorency (adopted son of Jan III, count of Hornes and lord of
Altena), better known as ‘the count of Hoorne’ (ruled
1540-1568). He was executed 1568 in Brussels with the count of Egmont
for High Treason against Philip II, king of Spain and lord of the Low
Countries. Altena was confiscated, Horn(es) fell back to its overlord
the count of Loon (the bishop of Liege).
-
Spanish administration........................1568-1577/8
-
Enfeoffed by the States of Holland - who had usurped royal authority - to members of the house of the counts of Neuenahr...
-
Herman of Neuenahr and
Mörs..............1577-1578
-
Walburg of Neuenahr
(fem.)................1578-1590 with...
-
Adolf of Neuenahr and
Mörs...............1578-1589
-
To the States of Holland directly.............1590-1795
-
To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands thereafter...
AMELAND One of the Wadden Islands, a long chain of sandy
barrier islands stretching from the tip of Holland to the Jadebusen in
Germany (the chain is called the Ostfriesische Islands in Germany). It
is fourth in the line from the Holland headland (between Terschelling
to the west and Engelschmanplaat to the east) - more-or-less due
north of the Friesian capital of Leeuwarden. Occupied by Frisians for
ages, it is first mentioned as Ambla in the 8th century. Although
Holland, Friesland and the Holy Roman Emperor contested its
quasi-independent status, Ameland remained a free lordship until 1795.
Its lords bore the title of vrijheer (‘free lord’).
- No lords of Ameland are known before 1398.
- A protectorate of the county of Holland 1396-1424
- EGMONT
- Arend....................................1398- ? d. 1409
- ?
- Ameland was unsuccessfully claimed by the lords and counts of Egmont until ca. 1670.
- A free lordship 1424-1494
- JELMERA
- Ritske........................................1424-1450
- Romcke ("van Donia")..........................1450-1463
- Keimpe ("van Donia")..........................1463-1464
- Haye I........................................1464-1486
- Haye I used Heringa as
surname, but later began using Cammingha, after his wife’s first
husband. His successors continued to use the surname Cammingha.
- CAMMINGHA
- Pieter I.......................................1486-1521
- A hereditary free lordship under the suzerainty of the HRE 1494-1795
- Wytze I........................................1521-1552
- Haye II........................................1552-1556
- Pieter II......................................1556-1575
- Sicke (Sicco)..................................1575-1624
- Taecke (Taco), Regent 1575-1585 d. 1618
- Pieter III.....................................1624-1638
- Wytze II.......................................1638-1641
- Cammingha, represented by a cadet branch
- Watze (Valerius Francisci).....................1641-1668
- In 1648, the United
Provinces severed all connections (by that time only empty formalities)
with the Holy Roman Empire, but the Treaty of Westphalia did not affect
the relationship between Ameland and the Empire - the island remained
an Imperial fief until the French kicked apart the old order in 1795;
the sale of the island to the House of Orange in 1704 created a
personal union between the Lordship and the United Provinces, but there
was no annexation by Frisia of the island. The Empire itself was
dissolved in 1806, but only the creation of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands in 1814 ended the status of the place as an Imperial
enclave as such.
- Frans Doeke (F. Duco)..........................1668-1680
- Rixt van Donia (fem.), Regent 1668-1674
- DONIA
- Rixt (fem.) (restored)..........................1680-1681
- The Ameland line of the House of Cammingha expired 1680. Ameland was inherited by cognates.
- THOE SCHWARTZENBERG and HOHENLANSBERG
- Wilco..........................................1681-1704 with...
- Helena Maria (fem.).............................1681-1682 and...
- Anna Dodonaea (fem.)............................1681-1704 d. 1714 and...
- Janetta Isabella (fem.).........................1681-1704 d. 1735
- Ameland sold to the stadtholder of Friesland.
- NASSAU-Dietz (ORANGE-NASSAU in Dutch usage)
- Johan Willem Friso (sthold. Fries. 1696-1711)..1704-1711
- Henriette Amalia of Anhalt-Dessau (fem.), Regent 1704 d. 1726
- Willem IV (sth. Fries. 1711-47, sth. of the Dutch Rep. 1747-51)...1711-1751
- Willem V (sth. of the Dutch Repub. 1751-95)....1751-1795 d. 1806
- To the Batavian Republic, the kingdom of Holland and the French Empire, but not incorporated 1795-1813/14
- To the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1814
AMSTELLAND (and the City of Amsterdam) A
territory comprising the area of the modern Amsterdam and its
surroundings. Its history is linked with the Amstel river and the
growth of the city of Amsterdam. The river was important in medieval
times as a waterway leading to the south and to Utrecht. The oldest
settlement in the area was Ouderkerk aan de Amstel, which dated from
the 11th century (and thus is older than Amsterdam itself, which
was at this time was a small fishing village at the mouth of the
Amstel). This area was part of the demesne of the Van Amstel family,
which had held the district from c. 1105 as servants (ministeriales) of
the bishop of Utrecht and later for some years as vassals of the count
of Holland (until 1296).
- Lordship of Amstelland
- A fief of the bishopric of Utrecht.........c. 1000-1278/9
- Wolfgerus............................fl. 1105-1131
- Egbert (I)...........................fl. 1131-1172 d. 1172/76
- Gijsbrecht I ........................fl. 1176-? 1188
- Engelbrecht (Egbert II) (existence uncertain)...? 1188-? 1200
- Gijsbrecht II (L. of IJsselstein ca. 1230-c. 1243)...? 1200-c. 1243
- He was the first of his line to call himself ‘dominus de Amstelle’.
- Gijsbrecht II (L. of IJsselstein c. 1243-52)...c. 1243-1252
- Division between itself and IJsselstein
- Gijsbrecht IV ................................1252-1296 d. 1303
- He was one of the murderers of count Florence V of Holland and forfeited his lordship of Amstelland.
- Enfeoffed to Holland.............1278/79 (or 1285)-1296
- To Holland but not annexed as such............1296-1317
- AVESNES
- Guy (bishop of Utrecht 1301-1317)........1300-1317 opposed by...
- AMSTEL
- Jan......................................1303-1304 d. 1345
- To Holland thereafter...
- The City of Amsterdam This city emerged as a fishing
village in the 13th century. Amsterdam is first mentioned by name in a
grant of a toll privilege by count Floris V of Holland in 1275. It was
granted a full charter in 1306, and rapidly developed as a port
thereafter. During the Eighty Years War (1568-1648), when Antwerp
was recaptured and the Scheldt closed by Spanish troops in 1585,
Amsterdam expanded greatly by the addition of Protestant
refugees. Though the Hague was the political capital of the United
Provinces, Amsterdam quickly assumed a dominant position as a
financial, trade, and cultural nexus, and was made capital of
Holland, and later of the Netherlands (although the Seat of Government
is situated in the Hague).
- To Utrecht.................................c. 1250-1278/85
- To Holland.................................1278/85-1433
- To Burgundy...................................1433-1482
-
To Spain......................................1482-1578
- To the United Provinces.......................1578-1787
- Occupied by Prussian troops........................1787
- To the United Provinces.......................1787-1795
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1813
- Occupied by Allied Forces.....................1813-1814
- To the Netherlands............................1814-1940
- Occupied by Germany...........................1940-1945
- To the Netherlands............................1945-
ANTWERP The
second-largest city in Belgium, and a major international port located
some 50 miles (80 km.) from the North Sea on the right bank of the Schelde;
it is about 25 miles (40 km.) north of Brussels.
-
Margraviate of Antwerp Around
1000 a margraviate was established by the German Emperor on Lotharingian
territory to the east of the Schelde, extending over the present Belgian
province of Antwerp and the Dutch province of North-Brabant.
-
ARDENNES-Verdun (Wigerics)
-
Godfrey (II, duke of Lower-Lorraine).......c.
1000-1023
-
Gothelo (I, duke of Lower-Lorraine)...........1025-1044
-
FLANDERS
-
Baldwin the Pious (V, count of Flanders)......1045-1055
d. 1067
-
LUXEMBOURG (Wigerics)
-
Frederick (d. Lower-Lorraine & c. of Limburg).1055-1065
-
ARDENNES-Verdun (Wigerics)
-
Godfrey the Bearded (III, d. of Lwr.-Lorr.)...1065-1069
-
Godfrey the Hunchback (IV, d. of Lwr.-Lorr.)..1069-1076
-
BOULOGNE
-
Godfrey of Bouillon (V, duke of Lower-Lorr.)..1076-1099
d. 1100
-
vacant
-
To Brabant 1106. The titular dignity of Margrave
of Antwerp became a subsidiary title of subsequent dukes of Brabant and
their successors, the dukes of Burgundy (1430), Castile-Spain (1506/1556),
and Austria (1713). As such, it provided a vote for the kings of Spain
and the Austrian Emperors within the Burgundian Kreiss
of the Holy Roman Empire. Annexed to France in 1794, and absorbed within
the new Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814, it became a Belgian city in
1830/1.
BATENBURG A lordship on the northern bank of the river Maas
(Meuse), the border between Gelderland and Brabant, about 9 miles (15
km.) west of Nijmegen and a mile or so north of Ravenstein.
It was a fief of the Holy Roman Empire, independent of Gelderland and
Brabant until 1664, when it became a fief of the States of Gelderland. It claimed - with Bronckhorst, Baer and
Berg-'s-Heerenberg - the status of 'Bannerheerlijkheid', meaning the right
of its lord to keep his own banner during a battle, not the banner of the
count/duke of Gelderland.
- BATENBURG The relationship of the first three attested rulers with Dirk I is unknown.
- Albero............................fl. betw. 1078/9-1086 with...
- Dirk..............................fl. betw. 1078/9-1086 and...
- Rudolf............................fl. betw. 1078/9-1086
- ?
- Dirk I.........................................fl. 1122
- Dirk II...................................fl. 1159-1166
- Dirk III..................................fl. 1191-1201
- Dirk IV........................................fl. 1227
- Dirk V ? ................................fl. betw. 1227/c. 1230 > ?
- Floris, regent fl. (>)1227-betw. 1237/40 d. 1247 >
- Gerard....................................fl. 1247-betw. 1289/91
- Dirk VI..........................fl. betw. 1289/91-betw. 1311/4
- Johanna (fem.).........................betw. 1311/4-1351 with...
- BRONCKHORST
- Willem (lord of Bronckhorst 1315-28)..........1317-1328 and then...
- Dirk (VII)....................................1328-1336 > and...
- Boudewijn.....................................1328-1347
- BRONCKHORST-BATENBURG
- Gijsbert (I) (lord of Bronckhorst 1328-1358)..1351-1358
- Partitioned into Batenburg and Bronkhorst
- Dirk (VIII)...................................1359-1407
- Gijsbert (II) (lord of Anholt 1402-1429)......1407-1408/29 d. 1429
- Batenburg in receivership, and it's rights pawned, 1408-1432.
- BERLAER
- Jan (Jan II, lord of Helmond)............1408-1425
- GULIK (JÜLICH)
- Willem (lord of Wachtendonk).............1425-1432 d. 1439
- BRONCKHORST-BATENBURG
- Dirk (IX) (lord of Anholt).................1429/32-1451
- Gijsbert (III) (lord of Anholt)...............1451-1473
- To Gelderland.................................1473-1476
- Jakob (lord of Anholt 1473-1512)..............1476-1516
- Gijsbert (IV) (claiment lord of Anholt).......1516-1525
- To Gelderland.................................1525-1534
- Partitioned between itself and Anholt.
- Herman........................................1534-1556
- Willem........................................1556-1573
- Herman Dirk...................................1573-1602
- Succession dispute 1602-1623
- Maximiliaan................................1602/23-1641
- Another bitter
succession dispute erupted 1641-1659, when the last male heir to this
family found his claim to the lordship challenged owing to the
morganatic nature of his father's marriage to his mother - her
middle-class origin made Frederik Willem non-noble, in the eyes of many.
- Frederik Willem...............................1641-1659 opposed by...
- Johanna (fem.).................................1641-1676 with...
- HORN
- Johan Belgicus (baron of Kessel)...........1641/59-c.1662 (or 1659-< 1664)
- Batenburg mediatized and attached to Gelderland, 1664.
- Willem Adriaan...........................1676-1694
- Isabella Justina (fem.)...................1694-1713 d. 1734: with...
- To Bentheim-Steinfurt.........................1701-1795
- GÖTTERSWYK
- Ernst (Count of Ben.-Steinf. 1693-1713)..1701-1713
-
Karl Friedrich (Co. of B.-Steinfurt).....1713-1733
-
Karl Paul Ernst (Co. of B.-Steinfurt)....1733-1780
-
Ludwig (Co. of B.-Steinf. to 1806).......1780-1795
d. 1817
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Holland 1806, France 1810, the Netherlands from 1814.
BELGIUM
Rather
unexpectedly, this highway for armies has achieved a sense of national
identity despite being one of the newer European states, and despite being
divided by two seperate cultures and languages.
-
To the Roman
Republic............................55-27
-
To the Roman
Empire.........................27
BCE-395
-
To the Western
Roman Empire.....................395-c. 450
-
To the Franks...............................c.
450-511
-
Partitioned between Austrasia and Neustria.....511-719
-
To Frankish and Carolingian Empires............719-843
-
To the Kgdm. of the Middle Franks (Lotharingia)843-870
-
To the Kgdm. of the West Franks (France).......870-880
-
To the Kgdm. of the East Franks (Germany)......880-911
-
To the West Franks.............................911-925
-
To the East Franks.............................925-1794
-
A portion of the Burgundian inheritance..1383/1433-1516
-
Adolf von Cleves [gouverneur].................1477
-
Engelbrecht, C. of Nassau-Breda [gouv.]..1485-1486
-
Albert von Wettin, Duke Saxony [gouv.]...1489-1494
-
Engelbrecht, C. Nassau-Breda [stadh.](r).1501-1504
-
Willem de Croy van Chièvre [gouverneur]..1505-1506
-
To Spain......................................1516-1713
-
Margareta of Savoy [landvogt]............1517-1530
-
Maria of Hungary.........................1531-1555
-
Emanuel Philibert of Savoy...............1555-1559
-
Margareta Farnese........................1559-1567
-
Fernande Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva.1567-1573
-
Luis de Requesens y de Zúñiga............1573-1576
-
Don Juan of Austria......................1576-1578
-
Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma.........1578-1592
-
Peter Ernst, Count of Mansfeld...........1592-1594
-
Ernst of Austria.........................1594-1595
-
Pedro de Acevado, Count of Fuentes.......1595-1598
-
Albert of Austria.............................1598-1621
with...
-
Isabella of Austria (fem.)(Gov.
1621-33).......1598-1633
-
Francisco de Moncada de Osona [interim]..1633-1634
-
Ferdinand of Spain.......................1634-1641
-
Francesco de Mello, Count of Assumar.....1641-1644
-
Manuel de Moura Cortéréal, M. Cast.
Rodr.1644-1647
-
Leopold William of Austria...............1647-1656
-
Juan José of Austria.....................1656-1659
-
Luigi de Benavides Carillo, M. Fromiata..1659-1664
-
Francesco de Moura Cortéréal, M.
Cas. Rodr...1664-1668
-
Iñigo Melchior Fernandez de Velasco, D.
Feria...1668-1670
-
Juan-Domingo de Zuñiga, Count of Feria...1670-1675
-
Carlos de Gurrea, Duke of Villahermosa...1675-1677
-
Alexander Farnese........................1677-1682
-
Otto-Enrico del Carretto, C. Millisimo...1682-1685
-
Francesco Antonio de Agurto, M. Castañaga1685-1692
-
Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria............1692-1701
-
Isidor de la Cueba.......................1701-1704
-
Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria (rest.)....1704-1714
-
To Austria....................................1713-1789
-
Johan-Lotharius von Königseck............1715-1716
-
Eugene-Jean de Savoye-Soisson............1716-1724
-
Wirico von Daun [interim]................1724-1725
-
Maria Elizabeth von Habsburg (fem.).......1725-1741
-
Friedrich August von Harrach-Rohrau [in.]1741-1744
-
Charles Alexander Emmanuel of Lorraine...1744-1780
-
Georg Adam von Starhemberg [interim].....1780-1781
-
Christine von Habsburg (fem.)[regent].....1781-1792
opposed by...
-
Provisional revolutionary government..........1789-1790
opposing...
-
Albrecht Casimir von Habsburg-Teschen....1788-1792
-
Karl Ludwig Johann von Habsburg-Teschen..1792-1793
-
To France..........................................1793
-
To Austria....................................1793-1794
-
Karl Ludwig Johann von Habsburg-Teschen (r)1793-95
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands............................1814-1830
-
Provisional Government........................1830-1831
-
WETTIN
-
Leopold I.....................................1831-1865
-
Leopold II....................................1865-1909
-
Albert I......................................1909-1914 d. 1934
-
To Germany....................................1914-1918
-
Albert I (restored)...........................1918-1934
-
Leopold III...................................1934-1940 d. 1983
-
To Germany....................................1940-1944
-
Charles, Count of Flanders, Regent 1944-1950 d. 1983
-
Leopold III (restored)........................1950-1951 d. 1983
-
Baudouin......................................1951-1993
-
Albert II.....................................1993-
BERGEN-op-ZOOM A city near the west coast of the province
of Noord-Brabant, situated on the ‘Zoom’, i.e. the
sharp transition – in Dutch eyes – from the Pleistocene
landscape of North-Brabant into the holocene Schelde estuary (38 km
west of Breda, 50 km north of Antwerp). Bergen op Zoom – founded
in the 12th century - was probably granted municipal status in 1266.
The city and its surroundings became a lordship in 1287 when separated
from the lordship of Breda. The lordship was elevated to a marquisate
of the HRE in 1533. The title has been nominal only from at least the
seventeenth century
- Within Breda.......................,....... < 1116-1287 and thus...
- a fief of Brabant........................1198-1794
- Breda endured a contested succession 1281-7, which resulted in a partitioning of the old demesne into three portions - Breda itself, Bergen-op-Zoom (including Schoten), and Steenbergen.
- Bergen-op-Zoom (including Schoten)
- WESEMAELE
- Gerard I......................................1287-1308/9
- Arnold......................................1308/9-1312/3
- Partitioned between itself and Schoten betw. 1312/13
- Mechtild (fem.)..............................1312/3-1340 with...
- VOORNE
- Albrecht....................................1320/1-1330
- Joanna I (Janne) (fem.) (Lady of Voorne 1337-49)...1340-1349 with...
- VALKENBURG-CLEVES
- Jan (lord of Valkenburg 1346-1352)......... < 1341-1349 d. 1352
- Succession contested 1349-1353
- WESEMAELE-SCHOTEN
- Maria (fem.) (Lady of Schoten).........betw. 1347/9- > c. 1390 with...
- BOUTERSHEM
- Hendrik I (VII of Boutershem).................1351- < 1371 opposed by...
- WESEMAELE
- Mechtild (fem.) (restored).....................1351-1353 d. > 1353 ?
- BOUTERSHEM
- Hendrik II (VIII of Boutershem)............ < 1371-1419
- Hendrik III (IX of Boutershem).....................1419
- Joanna II (fem.)...............................1419-1430 with...
- GLYMES (Natural branch of the Ydulfings) This
gens descended from Jan Cordekyn, an illegitimate son of Jan II,
duke of Brabant - Jan I of Bergen was a great-grandson of
Cordekyn.
- Jan I.........................................1419-1427
- Jan II.....................................1427/31-1494
- Jan III.......................................1494-1532
- Anton (Imperial Marquess 1533)................1532-1541
- Jan IV .......................................1541-1567
- Jan IV was arrested on a mission to the king of Spain and died in prison.
- Sequestered by the king of Spain.............1567-1577
- Restored by the States of Brabant to the legitimate heiress 1577
- MERODE-PETERSHEM
- Maria Margaretha (fem.)........................1577-1581 with...
- WITTEM
- John of Beesel (lord of Sébourg)..............1578-1581
- Actual partition of the
marquisate between Staats Bergen-op-Zoom (occupied by the Dutch
Republic) and the territory of the legitimate rulers (who sided with
the Spanish from 1581) 1577/81-1609 and 1621-1648.
- Staats Bergen-op-Zoom 1577/81-1648 Comprising
the city of Bergen-op-Zoom and surroundings to the Dutch insurgents
1577; the final partition of the marquisate occured in 1581.
- NASSAU-ORANGE (stadtholders of Holland etc.)
- Willem I the Silent...........................1581-1584
- Maurits.......................................1584-1609 d. 1625
- Staats Bergen-op-Zoom restored to the legitimate rulers 1609-1621
- Maurits (restored)............................1621-1625
- Frederik Hendrik..............................1625-1647
- Willem II.....................................1647-1648 d. 1650
- Staats Bergen-op-Zoom restored to the legitimate rulers 1648 after the Treaty of Münster.
- Territory of the legitimate rulers of Bergen-op-Zoom 1581-1648 (seat: castle of Wouw)
- MERODE-PETERSHEM
- Maria Margaretha (fem.) (restored).............1581-1588 with...
- WITTEM
- Jan van Beersel (lord of Sébourg).............1581-1588
- Maria Mencia (fem.)............................1588-1613 with...
- BERG-‘S-HEERENBERG (POLANEN)
- Herman (co. of Berg-’s-Heerenberg 1586-1611)..1595-1611
- Maria Elizabeth I Clara (fem.).................1613-1633 with...
- Albert (II) (c. Berg-’s-Heerenberg 1611/18-56)...1625-1633
- Maria Elizabeth II (fem.)...................1633/35-1671 with...
- HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN
- Eitel Friedrich (II) ......................1633/35-1661 opposed by...
- BERG-‘S-HEERENBERG (POLANEN)
- Albert (II) (c. Berg-’s-Heerenberg 1611/18-56) (rest.)...1633/41-1650 d. 1656
- He claimed Bergen-op-Zoom 1633-1641, enfeoffed by the king of Spain 1641-1650, renounced his rights 1650.
- Bergen-op-Zoom 1648-1794 Comprising
the accession and/or inheritance of both the legitimate (Catholic) line
and the city itself, which had been ubder Nassavian control until 1648.
- HOHENZOLLERN-HECHINGEN
- Henriette Francisca (fem.)..................1672/81-1698 with...
- De La TOUR D’AUVERGNE
- Frédéric Maurice (II) .....................1672/81-1698 d. 1707 But note...
- Occupied by the Dutch Republic.....1672-1678, 1688-1697
- De La TOUR D’AUVERGNE
- François Egon.................................1698-1710
- Marie Henriette (fem.).........................1710-1728
- Marie Anne of Arenberg (fem.), regent 1710-22 d. 1736
- PFALZ-NEUBURG-SULZBACH (WITTELSBACH)
- Karl (IV) Philip Theodor......................1728-1794 d. 1799
- He was Elector of the Rhine Palatinate and Duke of Jülich-Berg 1742-1799, Elector of Bavaria 1777-1799.
- Maria Enrietta del Caretto de Savona y Grana of Arenberg (fem.), regent 1728-42 d.1744
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1809
- To the French Empire..........................1809-1814
- To the kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
- Schoten
- WESEMAELE-SCHOTEN
- Gerard II.....................................1313-betw. 1347/9 with...
- Gerard III......................................d. < 1335
- Maria (fem.)...........................betw. 1347/9- > c. 1390
- Hendrika (fem.).................................
? -1397
- She inherited
Bergen-op-Zoom after the death of Joanna I and married Hendrik VII of
Boutershem, who was enfeoffed with Bergen-op-Zoom 1351
- Within Bergen once more, from c. 1390
BORCULO A
small town in eastern Gelderland, about 7 miles (11 km.) west of the German
frontier and 14 miles (22 km.) east of Zutphen. Borculo was an autonomous
Barony during the Middle Ages.
-
BORCULO
-
Hendrik I...................................fl. c. 1190
-
??
-
Hendrik II..................................... ? -1288
-
Hendrik III...................................1288- ?
-
Hendrik IV
-
Hendrika (fem.).................................
? -1397
-
BRONCHHORST
-
Gijsbert I....................................1397-1401
-
Frederik I....................................1401-1405
-
Gijsbert II...................................1405-1409
-
Willem........................................1409-1417
-
Otto I........................................1417-1458
-
Gijsbert III..................................1458-1489
-
Gelders within Burgundy from 1473
-
Frederik II..............................1489-1508
-
Joost I..................................1508-1553
-
Gelders within Jülich-Berg-Cleves.............1538-1543
-
Gelders to Spain..............................1543-1581
-
LIMBURG-STYRUM
-
Hermann Georg............................1553-1574
with...
-
Ermgard (fem.)............................1555-1583
with...
-
Joost II.................................1574-1621
-
Much of Gelders within the United Provinces from
1581
-
Hermann Otto.............................1621-1644
-
Otto II..................................1644-1679
-
Frederik Willem..........................1679-1683
-
Otto Ernst Gelder........................1683-1722
-
Leopold..................................1722-1727
-
FLODORF-WARTENSLEBEN
-
Carl Philips.............................1727-1742
-
DETLOFF-FLEMING
-
Georg....................................1742-1771
-
Isabella (fem.)...........................1771-1777
-
Baronial title attached to Orange-Nassau; within
the Netherlands directly thereafter...
BOUILLON A
small town in eastern Belgium, the base from which the famous crusader
and conqueror of Jerusalem, Godfrey de Bouillon, emerged. On the frontier
between the Holy Roman Empire and France, it has fairly frequently changed
hands; but from the 17th century was under French authority. As an aside,
it was the first Belgian town to be liberated in World War II.
-
ARDENNES-Verdun
-
Godfrey I the Captive (also D. Low. Lorr.).....959-964
d. 995
-
vacant
-
Godfrey II the Young (also D. Low. Lorr.).....1012-1023
-
Gothelo I (also Duke of Upper Lorraine)......1023-1044
-
Gothelo II the Lazy (also D. Low. Lorr.)......1044-1046
-
Godfrey III the Bearded (+ L. & Upp. Lorr.)...1046-1069
-
Godfrey IV the Hunchback (also D. Low. Lorr.).1069-1076
-
BOULOGNE
-
Godfrey V (Low. Lorr. 1087-99, Brabant 95-9)..1076-1095
d. 1100
-
Godfrey was the commander-in-chief of the First Crusade,
and succeeded in conquering Jerusalem (1099). He was offered the crown
of a Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, but refused it saying that he could
not pretend to be a King in the city of his lord. He did accept the title
"Protector of the Holy Sepulcher" though, and his successors did not quail
at accepting crowns.
-
To Liege......................................1095-1496
-
Ecclesiastic governors
-
Gerard de Jambe...........................fl.
c. 1267
-
Eberhard von der Marck...................1430-1445
-
Louis von der Marck......................1445-1457
-
Arnold von Conwaren......................1457-1479
-
William de Fontaine......................1479-1482
-
Robert I von der Marck...................1482-1489
-
Robert II von der Marck..................1489-1496
-
von der MARCK
-
Robert III....................................1496-1522
-
To Liege......................................1522-1552
-
To France.....................................1552-1559
-
Robert IV................................1552-
?
-
Henry Robert................................... ? -1574
-
Charlotte (fem.)...............................1574-1594
-
de la TOUR d'AUVERGNE
-
Henry.........................................1594-1623
-
Frederick Maurice Casimir.....................1623-1652
-
Godfrey Maurice...............................1652-1696 d. 1721
-
To France.....................................1676-1794
-
Emmanuel Theodosius......................1696-1730
-
Charles Godfrey..........................1730-1771
-
Godfrey Charles Henry....................1771-1792
-
Jacques Leopold Charles Godfrey..........1792-1794
d. 1802
-
Republic......................................1794-1795
-
To France.....................................1795-1814
-
Joint Allied administration...................1814-1815
-
Philip.............................................1815
-
To the Netherlands............................1815-1830
-
To Belgium thereafter...
BOXMEER A town in southeastern Netherlands, 14 miles (22
km.) south of Nijmegen and about 4 miles (6½ km.) from the
German frontier. Located on the west bank of the River Maas, it was the
site of a Mediaeval lordship in the northeast corner of the Duchy of
Brabant. The lordship consisted of a narrow strip of territory starting
at the river, and extending southwestward about 8 miles (13 km.),
partitioning the County of Cuijk into two sections on either side. It
originated as an allodium, bought by a member of a family called Boc
(Buc, Buch) from the lord of Cuijk in the second half of the 13th
century. The original name of castle and settlement was Meer/Mere.
Since ca. 1380 the lordship was named Bocmeer/Boxmeer.
- BOC The number of lords called Jan and regnal years during the first half of the 14th century are tentative.
- Jan I.....................................fl. 1269-1302
- Jan II....................................fl. 1316-1327
- Jan III...................................fl. 1328-1356
- Jan IV.........................................fl. 1361 with...
- Johanna (Jenne) (fem.).....................fl. 1361-1364 > ? with...
- CULEMBORG (BOSINCHEM)
- Peter.........................................1364-1385
- A fief of Brabant 1367-1794
- Hubrecht (Hubert)........................1385-1449 ? (d. betw. 1446/51?)
- Hendrik ? ...............................1450-1451
- Johan....................................1451-1472
- Margriet (fem.)...........................1472-1505 with...
- VERTAING
- Peter....................................1472-1479 and then...
- EGMONT
- Willem...................................1479-1494
- Anna (fem.)...............................1505-1517 with...
- Van Den BERGH (POLANEN-Van Der LECK)
- Willem (III) (c. of Bergh-‘s-Heerenberg 1506-1511)...1506-1511 and...
- VIRNEBURG
- Philip (III) (c. of Virneburg d. 1534)...1511-1517
- Succession dispute 1517-1545: Virneburg and Egmont vs. Van den Bergh.
- VIRNEBURG
- Jan (minor)..............................1517-1523
- Philip (III) (restored)..................1523-1533 d. 1534
- HABSBURG
- Charles V (HRE 1519-1558, and D. of Brabant).......1533 d. 1558
- He mortgaged Boxmeer to the counts of Buren.
- EGMONT
- Mortgaged to Floris of Egmont (count of Buren 1521-39, actual administrator) 1533-1539
- Mortgaged to Maximiliaan of Egmont (count of Buren 1539-48, actual administrator) 1539-1545 d. 1548
- Van Den BERGH (POLANEN-Van Der LECK)
- Oswald (II) (count of Bergh-‘s-Heerenberg 1517-1546)...1517-1546
- Titular only until 1545.
- Willem (IV) (count of Bergh-’s-Heerenberg 1546-1586)...1546-1568 (deposed)
- Adam van den Bergh, regent 1546-ca. 1555
- Sequestered by the king of Spain..............1568-1577
- Frederik I (usurper; claimant 1577-1597)......1575-1577 d. 1597
- Willem (IV) (restored)........................1577-1586
- Frederik II...................................1586-1618
- Maria of Nassau (fem.), regent 1586-1599
- Anna van den Bergh (fem.), regent 1599-1609 d. 1630
- Albert (c. of Bergh-‘s-Heerenberg 1618-56)....1618-1656
- Francisca de Ravenelles de Ratigny (fem.), regent 1618-27
- (Albert-)Oswald (III) (c. of Bergh-‘s-Heerenberg 1656-1712)...1656-1661
- Magdalena de Cusance (fem.), regent 1656-61
- Willem Leopold................................1661-1673
- Magdalena de Cuisance (fem.), regent again 1661-73
- (Albert-)Oswald (III) (r.)(c. of Bergh-‘s-Heerenberg 1656-1712)...1673-1712 with...
- Magdalena de Cuisance (fem.) (usufruct and administrator) 1673-1689
- CIRKSENA (East-Friesland-Rietberg)
- Maria Leopoldina Catharina (fem.) (usufruct) 1712-1718
- HOHENZOLLERN(-SIGMARINGEN)-BERG
- Franz Wilhelm.................................1712-1737
- Meinrad of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, regent 1712-5
- Johanna of Montfort (fem.), regent 1715-8 d. 1759
- Johan Baptist the Mad (imprisoned 1757-1781)..1737-1781
- Maria Catharina of Waldburg-Zeil (fem.), regent 1737-9
- Johanna Josepha (fem.)(admin. 1757-1781).......1781-1787 with...
- HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN
- Karl Friedrich................................1781-1785
- Anton Aloys...................................1787-1794 d. 1831
- To France.....................................1794-1800
- To the Batavian Republic......................1800-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1810
- To the French Empire..........................1810-1814
- To the kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
BRABANT Counts
of Louvain until 1106, Dukes of Brabant thereafter. Brabant is a large
province taking up much of central Belgium, and extending into southern
Netherlands
-
YDULFING
-
Lambert I.....................................1003-1015
-
Henry I.......................................1015-1038
-
Otto..........................................1038-1041
-
Lambert II....................................1041-1062
-
Henry II......................................1062-1079
-
Henry III.....................................1079-1095
-
Godfrey I the Bearded.........................1095-1139
-
Godfrey became Duke of Lower Lorraine in 1106, although
by that time it was a meaningless title - he and his successors are better
known as Dukes of Brabant.
-
Godfrey II....................................1139-1142
-
Godfrey III the Babe..........................1142-1186
-
Henri I the Pious.............................1186-1235
-
Henri II the Magnanimous......................1235-1248
-
Henri III.....................................1248-1260
-
Henri IV......................................1260-1267
-
Jean I........................................1267-1294
-
Jean II.......................................1294-1312
-
Jean III......................................1312-1355
-
Jeanne (fem.)..................................1355-1404
-
Margaret (fem.)................................1404-1405
-
CAPET-BURGUNDY
-
Antoine.......................................1405-1415
-
Jean IV.......................................1415-1427
-
Philippe I....................................1427-1430
-
To Burgundy and Spain
etc. thereafter...
BREDA A city in the western half of the present province of
North Brabant at the confluence of the Mark and Aa rivers, 26 miles (42
km.) southeast of Rotterdam and 30 miles (48 km.) northeast of Antwerp
- it is about 6 miles (9½ km.) north of the current Belgian
frontier. The town was founded between 1198 and 1212, but
the lordship of Breda came into existence during the 11th century
as an allodium of the Holy Roman Empire - it was set as a fief of
the duchy of Brabant from 1198 (or perhaps 1196). The lordship of Breda
comprised originally the western half of the province of North Brabant,
but in 1287 it fell apart in three smaller territories: the lordship
(later barony) of Breda, the lordship (later marquisate) of
Bergen-op-Zoom and the ‘Common Land of Steenbergen’. The
place figures large in diplomatic annals - the Compromise of Breda
(1566) was the first move by Dutch nationalists in freeing themselves
from Spanish authority; the Declaration of Breda (1660) set forth the
conditions that Charles II issued in his recovery of the English
throne; and the Treaty of Breda (1667) ended a naval conflict between Great
Britain and the Netherlands, confirming English possession of New York
and New Jersey and Dutch possession of Indonesia and Suriname. Long a
fortified district, the castle completed by Willem III in 1696 is now
the Dutch Royal Military Academy.
- BRUNESHEIM
- Groot-Zundert
- Hendrik I......................................fl. 1116 d. < c.1125
- Breda and Schoten
- Gerard I..........................fl. betw. 1124/5-< 1152
- Godfried I................................fl. 1152-1161
- Hendrik II................................fl. 1161-1187 d. < 1192
- Godfried II.............................fl. < 1192-1216/7
- A fief of Brabant 1198-1326
- Godfried III..................................1216-1227 with...
- Egidius (lord of Bergen-op-Zoom)..........fl. 1201-1243 d.<1246
- Hendrik III...................................1227-1234
- Godfried IV...................................1234-1246
- Hendrik IV....................................1246-1254
- Hendrik V.....................................1254-1268
- Isabella (Elizabeth)(fem.).....................1268-1281 with...
- LOUVAIN (YDULFING)
- Arnold (lord of Gaasbeek) (usufruct 1281-7)...1268-1287
- Succession contested
1281-1287, then partitioned into itself (Breda s.s.), Bergen-op-Zoom
(including Schoten) and Steenbergen 1287.
- Breda
- GAVERE-LIEDEKERKE
- Rasso I (VII of Gavere-Liedekerke)............1287-1290
- Rasso II (VIII of Gavere-Liedekerke)..........1290-1307
- Rasso III (IX of Gavere-Liedekerke)...........1307-1313
- Philips.......................................1313-1320
- Aeles (Adelide) (fem.).........................1320-1326 d. > 1336 with...
- RASSEGHEM
- Gerard II ....................................1320-1326 d. >1336
- To Brabant 1326-1339, then a fief of Brabant 1339-1577 (technically to 1795)
- WASSENAAR-POLANEN
- Jan I (taker in pawn).........................1339-1342 with...
- Jan II (Lord of The Lek; taker in pawn to 1353)...1339-1378 with...
- Wassenaar-Duivenvoorde
- Willem ‘Snickerieme’ (in usufruct)............1339-1353
- Jan III (Lord of The Leck)....................1378-1394
- Joanna (Lady of The Leck) (fem.)...............1394-1445 with...
- Hendrik van de Leck, administrator 1394-1404
- NASSAU-DILLENBURG
- Engelbrecht (I) (1st Baron 1404)..............1404-1442
- Johan (IV )...................................1442-1475
- Engelbrecht (II)..............................1475-1504
- Johan (V)..........................................1504 d. 1516
- Hendrik (III).................................1504-1538
- Nassau-Orange
- René of Chalons (Prince of Orange)............1538-1544
- Willem I the Silent (sthd. of Holland etc.)...1544-1568 d. 1584
- Sequestered by Spain..........................1567-1577
- Willem I (restored)...........................1577-1581/84
- To the Spanish Netherlands....................1581-1590
- Uncertainty about the legitimate ruler 1581-1584
- Philips Willem (Prince of Orange).............1584-1618 opposed by...
- Maurits (stadtholder of Holland etc.).........1584-1609 d. 1625
- To the Dutch Republic.........................1590-1625
- Maurits (stadtholder of Holland etc.).........1618-1625
- Frederik Hendrik (sthd. of Holland etc.)...........1625 d. 1647
- To the Spanish Netherlands....................1625-1637
- Nassau-Siegen
- Johan (VIII)..................................1630-1637 d. 1638
- To the Dutch Republic.........................1637-1794
- Nassau-Orange
- Frederik Hendrik (restored)...................1637-1647
- Willem II (stadtholder of Holland etc.).......1647-1650
- Willem III (stadtholder of Holland etc. ).....1650-1702
- Council of the Nassau domains............1702-1732
- Nassau-Dietz (adopting the name of ORANGE-NASSAU in the 18th century)
- Willem IV (stdh. Friesland 1702, Dutch Republic 1747)...1732-1751
- Willem V (stadtholder of the Dutch Republic)..1751-1795 d. 1806
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1809
- To the French Empire..........................1809-1814
- To the Kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
BUREN A lordship in the western part of the province of
Gelderland, along
the southern bank of the Lek river - the Lordship of Culemborg is
immediately on it's western flank, and the town of Wijk
stands across the river by Buren's northeastern corner. It originated
in the 12th century,
a successor of the county of Teisterbant, which fell apart during the
11th century. The lords of Buren were vassals of the county of
Gelderland but became more-or-less independent rulers when Buren was
raised a county of the HRE by emperor Maximilian I in 1492. The use of
the title “count/countess of Buren” has served some of the
Dutch royals
to occasionally maintain a measure of privacy when among the public.
- Van BUREN Not
to be confused with the family of the American President Martin van
Buren - I know of no connection between him and this early gens.
- Otto I....................................fl. 1190-1203
- Alard I...................................fl. 1210-1243 d. < 1248
- ? Hubrecht.....................................fl. 1248
- Alard II..................................fl. 1248-1262
- Otto II...................................fl. 1263-1300 d. < 1313
- Buren under suzerainty of Gelderland from the end of 13th century.
- Alard III............................fl. 1313-1315
- Otto III.............................fl. 1316-1323
- Lambrecht............................fl. 1326-1338 d. 1338
- Alard IV.................................1338-1361/2
- Alard V................................1361/2-betw.1406/9
- He inherited the county of Bosichem ca. 1367
- Willem...........................betw. 1406/9-1435 (deposed) d. 1461
- To Gelderland directly........................1435-1472
- A fief of Gelderland..........................1472-1492
- EGMONT(-IJSSELSTEIN)
- Frederik (lord of IJsselstein and Leerdam)....1472-1521
- Buren a county of the HRE 1492-1795
- Floris............ ...........................1521-1539
- Maximiliaan...................................1539-1548
- Anna (fem.)....................................1548-1558 with...
- NASSAU-(ORANGE) Stadholders of Holland etc. 1572-1650 and 1672-1702
- Willem (I) the Silent.........................1551-1584
- Philips Willem (not stadholder)...............1584-1618
- Maurits.......................................1618-1625
- Frederik Hendrik..............................1625-1647
- Willem II.....................................1647-1650
- Willem III....................................1650-1702
- Nassau-Dietz (called ORANGE-NASSAU)
- Johan Willem Friso (stadholder of Friesland)..1702-1711
- Willem IV (sthdr. Friesland; Dutch Republic 1747)...1711-1751
- Willem V (stadholder of the Dutch Republic)...1751-1795 d. 1806
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Kngdm. of Holland 1806, France 1810.
- Within the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1814; the title retained by the Dutch Royal Family.
BURGUNDY
This Burgundy is the second duchy, created as an appanage of the French
Royal family in 1363. It swiftly expanded its territories out of France
and into the Empire, acquiring by various means lands in Alsace and the
Low Countries. The Burgundian Court became a brilliant cultural center,
as successive dukes attempted to recreate the ancient Kingdom of Lotharingia
as an entity entirely independent of either France or the Empire. Philip
the Good was, in fact, offered the title "King of Belgia", within the Empire,
but he refused it as not being large or autonomous enough. Burgundian aspirations
came to an abrupt end when Charles the Rash fell in battle against the
Swiss, and his sole heiress married the Habsburg Emperor, Maximilian I.
Their son wed the heiress of Spain, Juana the Mad. The following list records
successive Dukes of Burgundy as they governed within the Low Countries
(Spain retained the title even after losing the lands in 1713, so also
did Austria after 1795, although losing all the territories to France by
that year).
-
CAPET
-
Philippe II the Bold..........................1363-1404
-
Jean the Fearless.............................1404-1419
-
Philippe III the Good.........................1419-1467
-
Charles I the Rash............................1467-1477
-
Marie (fem.)...................................1477-1482
-
HABSBURG (Full
Spanish List)
-
Philip IV.....................................1482-1506
-
Charles II....................................1506-1556 d. 1558
-
Philip V......................................1556-1598
-
Philip VI.....................................1598-1621
-
Philip VII....................................1621-1665
-
Charles III...................................1665-1700
-
CAPET-BOURBON
-
Philip VIII...................................1700-1713 d. 1746
-
HABSBURG (-AUSTRIA)
-
Charles IV (HRE 1711-1740)....................1713-1740
-
Maria Theresa.................................1740-1780
-
LORRAINE-HABSBURG (BAUDEMONT)
-
Joseph (HRE)..................................1780-1790
-
Leopold (HRE).................................1790-1792
-
Francis (HRE 1792-1806).......................1792-1795 d. 1835
CHINY A small
town in far southeastern Belgium, on the Semois River about 4 miles
(6.5 km.) from the French border and about 17 miles (27 km.) east of the
French town of Sedan.
-
CHINY
-
An unknown number of Counts, names also not known,
ending with...
-
Mathilde (fem.)..................................d.
c. 992 with...
-
LAHNGAU
-
Arnold I........................................d. 982 and...
-
Otto I of Warcq................................971-1013
-
Louis I.......................................1013-1025
-
Louis II......................................1025-1068
-
Arnold II.....................................1068-1106
-
Otto II.......................................1106-1125
-
Albert........................................1125-1162
-
Louis III.....................................1162-1189
-
Louis IV......................................1189-1227
-
Johanna (fem.).................................1227-1267
d. 1271 with...
-
LOON (Looz)
-
Arnold III (Count of Loon 1220-1272/3)........1228-1272/3
-
Louis V.......................................1268-1299
-
Arnold IV (Count of Loon 1279-1313)...........1300-1313
d. 1321
-
Louis VI (Count of Loon 1313-36)..............1313-1336
-
HEINSBERG
-
Diederik (C. Heinsberg 1331-61; Loon 1336-61).1336-1361
-
Godfrey (Count of Heinsberg 1361-95)..........1361-1364
d. 1395
-
To Luxembourg.................................1364-1795
-
To France.....................................1795-1814
-
To Netherlands (part of Gr. D. Luxembourg)....1815-1831
-
To Belgium....................................1831-
CULEMBORG A lordship, established by a local ruler
of Bosi(n)chem (Beusi(n)chem) who built a small castle before ca. 1270
on a territory that belonged to the chapter of Oudmunster of the
bishopric of Utrecht. This was the core of the later city of Culemborg
(former ‘Kuilenburg’), a merchant village situated on the
ridge of the river De Meer and the south bank of the river Lek - the
Lodship of Buren is immediately to the east. Culemborg was a fief of
the county of Gelderland 1281-1555 and became a county of the HRE in
1555. The city had its own jurisdiction. Whoever committed a crime or
misdemeanor had to appear before the "schout en schepenen" (sheriff and
bailiffs) and would not escape his just punishment; but he did have the
right to defend himself, and as long as he remained within the walls of
Culemborg his accuser was denied entrance to the town. Thus, many
bankrupt bankers and financiers fled to Culemborg and, even today in
Amsterdam the phrase "to go to Culemborg" meant to go bankrupt.
- Bosichem
- Rodolfus I......................................d. 1164 or 1174
- Hubertus I................................fl. 1196-1213
- Rodolfus II...............................fl. 1213-1217 d. < 1224
- Stephanus.................................fl. 1228-1249
- Partitioned into itself and Vianen betw. 1258/71.
- Hubert II de Schenk.......................fl. 1248-1258 d.(<)1271
- Partitioned between itself and Culemborg.
- Elisabeth (fem.)................................fl. 1317 d. c. 1332 with...
- Van KA(E)TS
- Gijsbrecht (Gijsbert).....................fl. 1305-1336
- Mabelia (fem.)...................................d. c. 1367
- To Buren
- Culemborg
- To Gelderland 1281-1555
- BOSICHEM
- Hubrecht I...........................fl. 1271-betw. 1300/02
- He (or possibly his father Hubert II de Schenk of Bosichem) built the 'castrum dictum Culenburgh'
- a fief of Gelderland 1281-1555 (confirmed 1314 and 1339)
- Jan I................................fl. 1307-1314 d. 1322
- Hubrecht II..............................1314-1347
- Jan I (usufruct) 1314-1322
- Jan II...................................1347-1377
- Gerrit I.................................1377-1394
- Hubrecht III.............................1394-1422
- Jan III..................................1422-1452
- Gerrit II................................1452-1480
- Jasper (lord of Borssele & Hoogstraten)..1480-1504
- Elisabeth (fem.)..........................1504-1532 d. 1555 with...
- LUXEMBURG (Limburg-Arlon)
- Jan (lord of Vile).......................1504-1508 and then...
- LALAING
- Anton (count of Hoogstraten).............1509-1532 d. 1540
- PALLANDT
- Erard....................................1532-1540
- BOSICHEM
- Elisabeth (usufruct) 1532-1540(-1555) with...
- LALAING
- Anton (count of Hoogstraten) (usufruct) 1532-1540
- BOSICHEM
- Elisabeth (in full possession again).....1540-1555
- PALLANDT
- Floris I......................................1555-1567 (deposed) d. 1598
- Culemborg a county of the HRE 1555-1795
- Sequestered by the king of Spain..............1567-1577
- Robert of Lynden (bailiff) 1568-1574
- Alonso Lopez de Gallo (bailiff) 1574-1577
- PALLANDT
- Floris I (restored)...........................1577-1598
- Floris II.....................................1598-1639
- WALDECK-EISENBERG
- Philips Theodoor (Waldeck-Eisenberg 1640-5)...1639-1645
- Hendrik Volrad (Waldeck-Eisenberg 1645-64)....1645-1664
- Maria Magdalena of Nassau-Siegen, regent 1645-1647
- Georg Frederik of Waldeck-Eisenberg, regent 1647-1659 d. 1692
- Georg Frederik (W-Eisen. 1664-1692: rest.)....1664-1692
- NASSAU-SIEGEN
- Elisabeth Charlotte (fem.).....................1692-1694
- She was the widow of Georg Frederik of Waldeck-Eisenberg.
- WALDECK-EISENBERG
- Louisa Anna (fem.)...........................1692/4-1714
- WETTIN (Saxe-Hildburghausen)
- Ernst Frederik (I) (Saxe-Hildburg. 1715-24)...1714-1720 d. 1724
- He sold the county due to his high debts...
- To the Quarter of Nijmegen 1720-1748
- To Nassau-Dietz-Orange (stadtholders of the Dutch Republic) 1748-1795
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Kngdm. of Holland 1806, France 1810, the Netherlands 1814.
CUYK (Cuijk)
A town on the Maas River in the eastern Netherlands, 8 miles (12 km.) south
of Nijmegen and 4 miles (6 km.) west of the German frontier. Gennep is a few miles upriver, to the east-southeast.
- Van MALSEN (Van Cuijk)
- Unruoch I......................................fl. 1057
- Herman I......................................1057-1064
- Unruoch II................................fl. 1064-1073
-
Hendrik I (Burgrave of Utrecht)............
< 1096-1108
-
Godfreyd I (Burgrave of Utrecht)..............1121-1168
-
Hermann II (Count of Arnsberg 1132-70).....
< 1145-1170
-
Hendrik II (Count of Arnsberg)................1170-1204
-
Albert (Burgrave of Utrecht 1204-20)..........1204-1233
-
Hendrik III...................................1233-1265
-
Jan I.........................................1254-1308
-
Jan II........................................1308-1319
- Otto I........................................1319-1350
-
Jan III.......................................1350-1352 d. 1357
- YDULFING
-
Jan of Wijtvliet..............................1352-1356
- Van MALSEN (Van Cuijk)
- Jan III (restored)............................1356-1357
- Jan IV........................................1357-1363
- Jan V.........................................1363-1382
-
Wennemar......................................1382-1390
-
Jan VI........................................1390-1394
-
Johanna (fem.).................................1394-1400
d. 1426
-
To Gelderland.................................1400-1517
-
To Spain......................................1517-1602
-
To the Netherlands thereafter...
DALHEM A small
county situated astride the frontier between the Netherlands and Belgium,
at the southernmost extreme of the Netherlands on the east bank of the
Maas (Meuse) River between Maastricht and Aachen. The largest portion of
the county is within what is now Belgium.
-
Counts of the Luikergouw
-
?
-
Richard
-
Godfrey........................................ ? -1065
-
Counts of Dalhem
-
LUXEMBURG
-
Herman.........................................fl. c. 1080
-
Conrad....................................fl. 1108-1128
-
William...................................fl. 1146-1152
-
Conrad II existence problematic................fl.
1160 ?
-
?
-
HOCHSTADEN
-
Diederik I..................................... ? -1197
-
Lotharius I...............................fl. 1190-1214
-
Lotharius II..............................fl. 1213-1237
-
Note that some sources recognize only one Lotharius,
Count 1197-1237.
-
Diederik II...................................1237-1239/44
-
To Brabant....................................1244-1544
-
To Limburg (administrative)...................1544-1661
-
Within the Lands Beyond the Meuse,
which see...
DRENTE A district in northeastern Netherlands,
adjacent to the German frontier to the east, Frisia and Groningen to the
north, and Overijssel to the south. The region is sparsely populated, but
has been occupied for millenia - there are many dolmens dotting the countryside.
-
A county of Drente
-
County mentioned c. 1024/5, no names of rulers given.
-
To the bishops of Utrecht.....................1046-1522
-
Supervisors in Drente
-
Zweden van Heteren.......................1395-1404
-
Frederik van der Ere.....................1404-
?
-
Frederik van Heeckeren-Rechteren.........1420-1462
-
Adolf van Rechteren......................1496-1505
-
Roelof van Munster.......................1505-1511
-
Adolf van Rechteren......................1511-1512
-
Roelof van Munster............................1512
-
Everwijn van Bentheim....................1513-1516
-
Herman van den Clooster..................1516-1518
-
Frederik van Twickelo....................1518-1522
-
Drente to Gelders.............................1522-1536
-
Johan van Selbach........................1522-1536
-
Drente to Spain...............................1536-1594
-
Georg Schenck van Tautenborgh............1536-1540
-
Reinold van Burmannia....................1540-1557
-
Evert van Ensse........................... ?
-1579
-
Hendrik de Vos van Steenwijck............1580-1596
-
Drente to the Netherlands (United Provinces)..1596-1795
-
Coenraadt de Vos van Steenwijck..........1596-1598
-
Reinold de Vos van Steenwijck.................1598
-
Caspar van Ensum.........................1599-1634
-
Roelof van Echten........................1634-
-
--- van Bernsau........................... ?
-1673
-
Carel Rabenhaupt.........................1673-1675
-
Drente to the Batavian Republic 1796 (Jan. 1), France
1810, the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1814.
DURAS (Duraz) A minor county in the Belgian
province of Limburg, near St.Truiden (St.Trond).
-
1st Lord, name unknown
-
Godfrey I......................................fl. 1021
-
?
-
Giselbert I
-
Oda (fem.)...............................fl.
latter 11th cent. with...
-
LOON
-
Otto I....................................fl. 1046-1101
-
Giselbert II (first count of Duras).......fl.
1088-1121 d. 1138
-
Otto II.........................................d. 1147
-
Duras under suzerainty of Liege................mid
12th century
-
Juliane (fem.)...................................d.
1164 with...
-
MONTAIGU
-
Godfrey II (c. of Montaigu and Clermont)..fl.
1147-1161
-
Egidius (Gilles) (+ Montaigu & Clermont)..fl.
1161-1192 with...
-
Peter.....................................fl. 1175-1185 and...
-
Kuno......................................fl. 1175-1189 d. 1190
-
To Loon thereafter, 1190.
ECHTEN and ECHTEN’S HOOGEVEEN A lordship in the
southwest of the province of Drenthe - Echten itself is just a spot on
the map, about 9 miles (14½ km.) east of Meppel; Hoogeveen is
now a substantial town 2 miles (3 km.) further east. The manor Echten
existed from the 12th century. Its lord acquired in 1625 the large
moor area near the present village of Hoogeveen, and this area was
raised to a lordship itself by the States of Drenthe. Thereafter these
rulers called themselves Lord of Echten and Echten’s Hoogeveen.
- Van COEVERDEN ?
- Volker I..................................fl. 1262-1290
- Rudolf (Roelof) I........................... >1290-1347
- Volker II.....................................1347-1363
- Roelof II.....................................1363-1389
- Johan I.......................................1389-1444
- Roelof III................................fl. 1444-1484
- Johan II......................................1484-1494
- Roelof IV.................................fl. 1494-1570
- Johan III.................................fl. 1580-1607
- Roelof V......................................1607-1643
- Johan IV......................................1643-1661
- Roelof VI.....................................1661-1735
- Johan V.......................................1731-1757
- Roelof VII....................................1757-1795 d. 1797
- To the Batavian Republic, Holland (1806), France (1810), and the Netherlands (1814) thereafter...
ENAME (Eenham)
A region in central Belgium centered on the city of Aalst, just a little
west of Brussels, in southeastern Flanders and encompassing some parts
of northern Hainault as well.
-
Margraviate of Ename Around
1000 a margraviate was established by the German Emperor on Lotharingian
territory to the west of Brussels, connecting to Antwerp to the north.
-
ARDENNES-Verdun (Wigerics)
-
Godfrey (II, d. Lwr.-Lorr., castellan of Ename)...991-c.1000
-
Hermann of Ename (count in Westphalia).....c.
1000-1029 d.?
-
Hermann is the ancestor of the counts of Calvelage
and Revensberg.
-
LORRAINE (Reginars)
-
Reginar (V, count of Hainault)................1029-1040
-
Herman (of Mons (Bergen), count of Hainault)..1040-1051
-
Note that the castle of Ename was destroyed by count
Baldwin IV in 1047, and the margraviate became ineffectual after that time.
-
To Flanders, as a castellany (Land of Aalst)..1050-1166
-
GHENT
-
Rudolf ..............................fl. 1031-1034/(>)52
-
Baldwin I..................................d.
1082
-
Baldwin II...............................1082-1097
-
Baldwin III..............................1097-1127
-
Ivan....................................>1127-1145
-
Dirk the Child...........................1145-1166
-
To Flanders directly from 1166.
FLANDERS
An
important County in northwestern Belgium, along the North Sea coast. Until
the Burgundian inheritence passed to the House of Habsburg (1482), Flanders
was a province of France, rather than the Holy Roman Empire.
-
FLANDERS
-
Baldwin I With the Iron Arm....................858-879
-
Baldwin II the Bald............................879-918
-
Arnulf I the Great.............................918-964 with...
-
Baldwin III....................................960-962
-
Arnulf II......................................964-988
-
Baldwin IV Greatbeard..........................988-1036
-
Baldwin V the Pious...........................1036-1067
-
Baldwin VI the Good...........................1067-1070
-
Arnulf III the Unlucky........................1070-1072
-
Robert I the Frisian..........................1072-1092
-
Robert II the Crusader........................1092-1111
-
Baldwin VII With the Axe......................1111-1119
-
SKIOLDUNG
-
Charles I the Good............................1119-1127
-
FitzROBERT
-
William I Clito...............................1127-1128
-
ALSACE
-
Dietrich......................................1128-1168 d. 1183
-
Philip I......................................1168-1191
-
Margaret I (fem.)..............................1191-1194
with...
-
FLANDERS
-
Baldwin VIII the Brave (Hainault 1171-1195)...1191-1195
-
Baldwin IX (Hainault: Latin Emperor 1204-5)...1195-1205
-
Jeanne (fem.) (Hainault).......................1205-1244
-
Margaret II (fem.)
(Hainault 1244-53, 56-80)...1244-1280 with...
-
DAMPIERRE
-
William II....................................1246-1251
-
Guy...........................................1280-1304
-
Robert III....................................1304-1322
-
NEVERS
-
Louis I............................................1322
-
Louis II......................................1322-1346
-
Louis III de Male.............................1346-1383
-
Margaret III de Male (fem.).........................1383
d. 1405
-
To Burgundy and Spain,
etc. thereafter...
-
Provisional Government....................Dec
1917-July 1918
-
A separatist movement in Flanders set up a governing
council in the belief that the German occupation authorities would accept
an independent Flanders. They didn't.
FRISIA
The coastal regions in the northern Netherlands, extending into Germany
as far as the mouth of the Weser. The Frisian people have lived on these
sandy strands for ages, and are notable to speakers of English as having
the language most closely related to English. This is unsurprising, as
these are the shores from which the Anglo-Saxons embarked upon their conquest
of Britain. I include here notes on both East (German) Frisia and West
(Dutch) Frisia. The sequence as listed is very long, and reflects traditional
lore almost exclusively until the advent of the Romans. Thereafter until
c. 800 CE, the list probably reflects real people and genuine events to
one extent or another. From the time of Charlemagne on, the list is reliable.
-
EARLY FRISIA, and (from 1277)
WEST FRISIA
-
Traditional Founder of the Frisian
Commonwealth
-
Frya........................................... ? -2194
-
FOLK MOTHERS
-
Fasta.........................................2194-aft. 2145
-
Medea
-
Thiania
-
Hellenia
-
Undocumented Period
-
Minna..........................................fl. 2013
-
Undocumented Period
-
Rosamond......................................1631-?
-
Hellicht.......................................fl. 1621
-
Undocumented Period
-
Frana.......................................... ? -590
-
Adela (de facto)...............................590-559
-
No Central Authority...........................590-306
-
Gosa...........................................306- < 264 with...
-
FRISO (Kings)
-
Adel I Friso (de facto)........................304-264
-
Adel II Atharik................................264- ?
-
Adel III Ubbo.................................. ? -70 BCE
-
Adel IV Asinga Ascon........................70 BCE-11 CE appointed...
-
FOLK MOTHER
-
Prontlik.......................................fl. c. 60 BCE d. ?
-
At this point, the realm of mythology begins to
fade, with names and circumstances becoming somewhat more reliable in character.
-
FRISO (Kings)
-
Diocarus Segon..................................11-15 CE
-
Dibbald Segon...................................15-28
-
Tabbo...........................................28-47
-
Client State of the Roman Empire................47-58
-
Asconius...................................47-58
d. ? with...
-
Adelbold...................................47-58
d. ?
-
Titus Boiocalus (Anti-Roman usurper)...............58
d. ?
-
Allied State of the Roman Empire................58-286
-
UBBO (Dukes)
-
Ubbo.......................................58-70
-
Haron Ubbo.................................70-
?
-
Odilbald
-
Udolph Haron.............................. ?
-286
-
OFFO (Kings)
-
Richold I Offo.................................286- ?
-
Odilbald
-
Richold II
-
Beroald
-
Folcwald
-
Before Finn, Dutch historians generally regard accounts
as mythological. From the time of Finn, names and dates can be considered
reasonably reliable.
-
Finn...........................................fl. 5th or early 6th
cent.
-
?
-
Audulf.........................................fl. c. 600 ?
-
?
-
Eadgils I (or Aldgisl)............................-677/8
-
?
-
Radbod I.......................................679-719
-
Eadgils II (or Poppo)..........................719-734
-
To the Carolingian Empire......................734-843
-
Gundebold (or Poppo)......................734-777
-
Radbod II (or Dirk).......................777-806
-
Within Germany, and the Holy Roman Empire......800-810
-
Danish occupation..............................810-885
-
Rorik.....................................839-876/82
-
Godfrey...................................882-885
-
Within Germany and the Empire..................885-1648
-
Note the presence of the Gerulfings (see Holland)
on the western side of the Zuider Zee and the island of Texel, who referred
to themselves as Counts of West Frisia from c. 900 to 1101.
-
Ansfried (Bishop
of Utrecht)..............fl. c. 985 ?
-
BRUNONING These
Counts were, for the most part, absentee landlords, having more connections
and interest with other estates located elsewhere. That being the case,
affairs in Frisia rapidly began to assume the character that was maintained
for over 400 years - that of a patchwork of purely local estates (mostly
monastic), interspersed with market towns which were, in effect, Free States
themselves.
-
Liudolf...............................c. 1000-1038
-
Bruno....................................1038-1057
-
Egbert I.................................1057-1068
-
Egbert II................................1068-1088
d. 1090
-
Conrad (Bishop of
Utrecht)...............1088-1099
-
vacant 1099-1101
-
NORDHEIM
-
Henry I the Fat...............................1101
-
vacant 1101-1107
-
ZUTPHEN
-
Henry II.................................1107-c.
1138
-
To the Bishopric of Utrecht..............1138-1165
-
In 1165, the Emperor Frederick III Barbarossa granted
a condominium over Frisia between the Bishops of Utrecht and the Counts
of Holland (see Andorra for a similar
arrangement). Utrecht was never able to exert much influence over the region,
and by circa 1220 it ceases entirely to be mentioned as a player. Holland
made sporadic attempts to annex Frisia, to no avail (see below). By the
beginning of the 12th century, the old line of Counts being extinct and
Utrecht and Holland unable to fill the vacuum, local internal squabbling
had reached the point of chronic civil war. No central authority was present,
and the land descended to purely local levels of control; the two contending
factions were the Schieringen (Greylings ?), led by local Cistercian monasteries,
and the Vetkopers (Fat-buyers), led by local Praemonstratian monasteries.
In effect, the region was controlled for more than 300 years by local free
cities (Sneek
= Schiering,
Leeuwarden
= Vetkoper, etc.) and a crazy-quilt of rural territories belonging to various
monastic orders. This state of affairs endured until the region was militarily
subdued by Imperial troops under Albert of Saxe-Meissen at the end of the
15th century.
-
Four unsuccessful attempts to annex Frisia to Holland
and Holland-Hainault...
-
GERULFING
-
Willem I (c. of Holland 1203-22)....1198-1203
-
Florent IV (c. of Holland 1222-34).......1233
-
AVESNES
-
Willem IV of Holland................1337-1345
-
WITTELSBACH
-
Albert of Holland...................1358-1401
d. 1404
-
To Burgundy-Austria......................1495-1498
-
WETTIN (Saxe-Meissen)
-
Albert (Cmdr. Imperial troops from 1495).1498-1500
-
Henry the Pious..........................1500-1504 d. 1541
-
George...................................1504-1515 d. 1539
-
Civil War between adherents of Emperor Charles V
(who George had sold his rights to), adherents of Duke Charles of Gelderland,
and local Frisians who wanted neither overlord, 1515-1523
-
HABSBURG (House of Austria, or
d'Austria
in
Dutch and Belgian usage: note also that Dutch historians regard the Burgundian
era as continuing until 1555, and then followed by the Spanish era.)
-
Charles (HRE 1519-1558)..................1523-1555
d. 1558
-
Philip (King of Spain)...................1555-1572
d. 1598
-
To the United Provinces and the Netherlands thereafter...
-
Stadthalders of Friesland
-
NASSAU-DIETZ
-
William Louis (Ct. of Nassau-Dillenburg).1584-1620
-
Ernest Casimir...........................1620-1632
-
Henry Casimir I..........................1632-1640
-
William Frederick (Pr. N.-Dietz 1652)....1640-1664
-
Henry Casimir II.........................1664-1696
-
John William Friso (Pr. of Orange 1702)..1696-1711
-
William (IV, Stdth. of the Rep. 1747-51).1711-1751
-
Conjoined with the Stadthaldership of the United
Provinces thereafter...
-
EAST FRISIA
Eastern
Frisia became a distinct region during the time of internecine feuding
of the 13th century. The separation became permanent with the flooding
of the Dollart Estuary, at the mouth of the Ems, in 1277. Isolated from
the western disruptions, regional control slowly emerged from out of a
Union of Freedom, a local Bund loosely governed by leading families in
the region, especially the Cirksenas...
-
TOM BROK
-
Keno I the Elder............................... ? -1371
-
Ocko I the Elder..............................1371-1391
-
Widzelt.......................................1391-1399 with...
-
Keno II the Younger...........................1391-1417
-
Foelkeldis the Malicious (fem.),
regent 1391-1409
-
Ocko II the Younger...........................1417-1427 d. 1436
-
UKENA
-
Focko.........................................1427-1431 d. 1435
-
CIRKSENA (Counts
from 1454, Princes from 1654)
-
Edzard......................................... ? -1400
-
Enno..........................................1400-1450
-
Ulrich I (1st Count 1454).....................1450-1466
-
Enno I........................................1466-1491
-
Theda Ukena (fem.),
regent 1466-1494. Granddaughter
of the Friesian chief Focko Ukena, and married to Ulrich Cirksena who was
created Count of Ostfriesland in 1454 one year after their marriage. After
his death she was first regent for son Enno I, (drowned 1491) and then
for Edzard I. She successfully led her troops in warfare against other
major chiefs and counts in the Friesland area.
-
Edzard I the Great............................1491-1528
-
Ulrich II..........................................1528
-
Enno II.......................................1528-1540
-
Edzard II.....................................1540-1599
-
Anna von Oldenburg (fem.),
regent 1540-1565
-
Enno III......................................1599-1625
-
Rudolf Christian..............................1625-1628
-
Ulrich III....................................1628-1648
-
Enno Louis (1st Prince 1654)..................1648-1660
-
Juliane von Hessen (fem.),
regent 1648-51
-
Georg Christian...............................1660-1665
-
Christian Eberhard............................1665-1708
-
Edzard Ferdinand, regent 1665-1668 with...
-
Christine Charlotte von Württemberg (fem.),
regent 1665-1690
-
Georg Albrecht................................1708-1734
-
Karl Edzard...................................1734-1744
-
To Prussia....................................1744-1801
-
Kamerpresidenten
-
Christoph Friedrich Derchau..............1751-
?
-
?
-
Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Fhrr. von Vincke...1803-1804
-
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bernuth.....1805-1806
-
To France.....................................1801-1806
-
To Holland....................................1806-1810
-
Governor
-
Herman Willem Daendels (Gov. DEIC
1808-11)...1806-1807
-
To France.....................................1810-1814
-
Military Governor
-
--- vorst Narishin............................1813
-
Landsdirecteur
-
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Bernuth.....1813-1815
-
To Hannover...................................1814-1866
-
To Prussia....................................1866-1918
-
To Germany thereafter...
GELDERLAND In
the central Netherlands, east of Utrecht. A County 1096, a Duchy 1339.
-
County of Hamaland A region
in the central Netherlands extending north from the right bank of the Rhine,
roughly where Gelderland is now. From 772 to 1018 it constituted the Saxon
pagus
of
Chamavenland.
-
Brunhari.......................................772-794
-
Wrachari.......................................794-800 >
-
Meginhard I.................................c. 814-c. 839
-
ELZAS
-
Wichman........................................ ? -861
-
Meginhard II...................................861-880
-
Eberhard I.....................................880-898
-
Meginhard III..................................898-902
-
Meginhard IV (after 919 in S. Hamaland only)...902-952
with...
-
Eberhard II (after 919 in N. Hamaland only)....902-
?
-
Eberhard III (North)............................d.
c. 962
-
Wichman IV van Elten (South; all from c. 962)..952-973
-
Adela (fem.)....................................973-1018
with...
-
MAASGAU
-
Balderik......................................1002-1018
-
Hamaland county was forfeited to the Empire and partitioned
among local lords. By the end of the century, the family of Wassenberg
had emerged as the leading powers in the region, and the County of Gelders
was established in 1096.
-
County of Gelders
-
WASSENBERG
-
Gerhard I the Red (Lord of Wassenberg)......c.1033-1042
-
Gerhard II the Red............................1042-1052
-
Gerhard III the Red...........................1052-1058 with...
-
Dirk Flamens, of the Veluwe...................1053-1082
-
Gerhard IV (I, 1st Count of Gelders 1096).....1082-1137
-
Hendrik.......................................1138-1182
-
Otto I........................................1182-1207
-
Gerhard II....................................1207-1229
-
Otto II the Lame..............................1229-1271
-
Reinoud I.....................................1271-1318 d. 1326
-
Reinoud II the Black (1st Duke 1339)..........1318-1343
-
Reinoud III...................................1343-1361 d. 1371
-
Eduard........................................1361-1371
-
Reinoud III (restored).............................1371
-
Mechtilde (fem.)...............................1371-1379
d. 1384: with...
-
CHÂTILLON
-
Jean (Count of Blois).........................1371-1372
d. 1381: and then opp. by...
-
JÜLICH-HEIMBACH
-
Willem (III, Duke of Jülich 1393-1402)........1377-1402
-
Reinoud IV (I, Duke of Jülich 1402-1423)......1402-1423
-
EGMONT
-
Arnold........................................1423-1465 d. 1473
-
Adolf.........................................1465-1471 d. 1477
-
Arnold (restored).............................1471-1473
-
To Burgundy...................................1473-1477
-
Adolf (restored)...................................1477
-
Catherine (fem.),
regent 1477-1478 d. 1496
-
Civil war btwn local and Burgundian forces....1478-1481
-
To Burgundy...................................1481-1492
-
Carel.........................................1492-1538
-
To Jülich-Berg-Cleves.........................1538-1543
-
To Burgundy/Spain.............................1543-1581
-
To the United Provinces thereafter...
-
Some Gelders’ towns rebelled in 1572, but the duke
of Alva subjugated them in the same year. Formally, Philip II of Spain
remained duke of Gelders until 1581, when he was deposed by the Northern
Netherlands (the ‘Republic’). The northern three sections (‘quarters’)
of the duchy of Gelders were to form part of the Republic of the United
Netherlands. However, the Spanish government continued in the southern
section of the duchy of Gelders (called ‘Upper Gelders’ or ‘Spanish Gelders’)
until 1700. After the Spanish War of Succession, this part of Gelders became
Prussian, so that the king of Prussia became duke of Gelders as a technicality.
Also note...
-
To France.....................................1672-1674
GEMERT A lordship in the northeast of the province of
North-Brabant 18 miles (29 km.) southeast of
‘s-Hertogenbosch/Bois-le-Duc). It originated in the 11th century
under a family called ‘De Gamerthe’/‘De
Gemerde’, who ruled this territory as a fief of the Holy Roman
Empire, independent - except for a period of two years - of the duchy
of Brabant. One of its members granted his share of Gemert to the
Teutonic Order. After a period of joint rule by the Teutonic Order and
the Van Gemert family, the Order acquired the whole territory of Gemert
in 1366 and ruled it as the ‘Free Sovereign Domain and Kommende
Gemert of the Teutonic Order’ until 1794.
- Van GEMERT (GAMERTHE, GEMERDE)
- Snellardus de Gamerthe....................fl. betw. 1076/99
- ??
- Willem..........................................fl. 1172 with...
- Rutger (I)......................................fl. 1172
- ?
- Rutger (II).....................................fl. c. 1200
- He granted his share of
Gemert to the Teutonic Order, 1st half 13th century (the precise date
is unknown, betw. 1198/1249; the existence of two Rutgers isn’t
certain)
- Partitioned between itself and the Teutonic Order - Gemert hereafter was ruled as a condominium until 1366: two separate administrations but joint jurisdiction:
- Domain of the Van Gemert family
- Emont I
- Diederik I.....................................fl. c. 1270
- Emont II........................................d. < 1293
- Philip....................................fl. 1293-1305
- Diederik II...............................fl. 1326-1331 d. < 1339
- CUYST Van’S-HERTOGENBOSCH
- Johan.........................................1331-1339
- Van GEMERT (restored)
- Diederik III..................................1339-1366 d. betw. 1383/5
- A fief of Brabant.............................1364-1366
- A fief of the Teutonic Order.......................1366
- To the Teutonic Order.........................1366-1794
- Domain of the Teutonic Order Gemert
became a Kommende of the Teutonic Order, governed by a Komtur (Commander) who
was subordinate to the Bailiff (Landkomtur) of the Deutschordensballei
(Bailiwick) of Alden Biesen (in the Belgian province of Limburg)
- ? Rutger (II) of Gemert (acting ?)
- Arnoldus (‘provisor’)..........................fl. 1249
- Henricus.......................................fl. 1261
- Johannes (‘preceptor’).........................fl. 1265
- Johannes (II ?) de Myrlar (identical with Johannes ‘preceptor’ ?)
- Walterus de Clivo (von Cleves) (identical with Johannes ‘preceptor’ ?)...fl. 1270
- ? Wolfardus...............................fl. 1276-1278
- Alard of Horst.................................fl. 1293
- Jan van der Voeren........................fl. 1332-1334
- Henrick of Havert..............................fl. 1363
- Gerard of Oudenhoven...........................fl. 1366
- Robert of Virneburg.......................fl. 1370-1386
- Frank of Hulsberch.............................fl. 1389
- Jan of Pruyssen.........................fl. ? 1400-? 1403
- From 1410 on, the Bailiffs (Landkomturen) of the Bailiwick of Alden Biesen often act as lord of Gemert.
- Johan Clot(te)............................fl. 1403-1417 with...
- Diederik of Betgenhusen...................fl. 1408-1414 d. 1440
- Johannes Bruninck de Bruyschem.................fl. c. 1434
- Nicolaas van der Dussen (Landkomtur of Alden Biesen 1461-1467)...c. 1438-1461
- Arnt van der Dussen........................c. 1462-1482
- Jacop of Oss, acting 1482
- Walleran of Rechem, acting 1482
- Johan Mathiaan (Maximiliaan) of Eynatten (Ldkr. Alden Biesen 1503-12)...1482/3-1503
- Hendrik of Eynatten....................... c. 1515-c. 1544
- Hendrik of Hoochkerken, acting c. 1544-c. 1550 >
- vacant
- Wijnand of Eynatten (acting 1558-60)..........1560-1570
- Goyart of Aer (Ahr)........................c. 1572-1598
- Hendrik of Holtrop............................1598-1630
- vacant
- Caspar Ulrich of Hoensbroek...................1635-c. 1645 (deposed) d. 1655
- Occupied by the Dutch Republic................1649-1662
- Ambrosius of Virmundt (acting 1656-61)........1661-1684
- Hendrik of Wassenaer tot Warmond (Landkomtur of Alden Biesen 1691-1709)...1684-1691
- Bertram Wessel of Loë tot Wissen..............1691-1712
- vacant
- Bertram Anton of Wachtendonk tot Germenseel...1716-1720
- vacant 1720-1744
- Main affairs conducted by
the Bailiffs (Landkomturen) of Alden Biesen 1720-1794 Commanders
(Komturen) of Gemert mentioned below were titular rulers without power
and didn’t reside at Gemert.
- Johan Jozef van der Noot......................1744-1763
- Nicolas-Bernard de Borchgrave.................1770-1771
- Clemens August of Plettenberg.................1778-1794 d. 1796
- To France.....................................1794-1800
- To the Batavian Republic......................1800-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1810
- To the French Empire..........................1810-1814
- To the Kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
GENNEP A
small city in the northern part of the Dutch province of Limburg, on
the eastern bank of the Meuse and the southern bank of the Niers, 10
miles (16 km.) southeast of Nijmegen, c. 2½ miles (4 km.) from
the German frontier and 9 miles (14½ km.) west-southwest of Cleves. Cuyk is a few miles downriver to the west-northwest. Gennep was an autonomous Barony during the Middle Ages.
The nearby fortress ‘Genneperhuis’ played an important role during the Eighty
Years’ War - alternatively occupied by Spanish and Dutch troops - and the wars
with the French until its final destruction by French troops in 1710.
- GENNEP
- Meginhard III..................................898-902
- Heribert I.....................................fl. 1080/85
- Heribert II.........................fl. c. 1117/20-1138
- Note: One of his brothers was
Norbert of Xanten (Gennep) (d. 1134) who became archbishop of Magdeburg
(1126-1134). He founded 1120 the Catholic
religious order of Canons Regular of Prémontré, also known as the Premonstratensians,
the Norbertines, or the White Canons
- ?
- Oswald.........................................fl. 1160
- Name unknown...................................fl. 1235
- Hendrik I.................................fl. 1244-c. 1280
- Gennep a fief of Gelders, middle
of 13th century-1356
- Hendrik II...............................1281-c. 1320
- Hendrik III...........................c. 1320-1336
- Jan I....................................1336-c. 1355 ? as well as...
- HEINSBERG
- Diederik II[III] (Co. of Loon & Chiny)........1339 d. 1361
- It isn't clear from the sources whether Diederik was a co-ruler with Jan, whether he opposed him, or whether he was an administrator of the district on the basis of it being pawned to him.
- GENNEP
- Willem (abp.
of Cologne 1349-62), administrator ca. 1355
- Gennep a fief of the HRE (status often ignored by Gelders), 1356-1405
- Jan II..............................c. 1355 ?-1364
- Margaretha (fem.).......................1364/7-1419 with...
- Division of the territory between two female
heirs 1364/7 ?
- Johannan Line
- Johanna (fem.)..........................1364/7-1413 with...
- BREDERODE
- Reinoud I................................1367-1390 and then...
- Johannan Gennep a fief of Cleves from 1405.
- Jan III (claimant to Abcoude 1407-10)....1390-1415 with...
- Walraven.................................1413-1417
- Reinoud II...............................1417-1442 d. 1473: with...
- Gijsbrecht...............................1417-1442 d. 1471
- To Cleves directly 1442
- Margarethan Line
- Margaretha (fem.).......................1364/7-1419 with...
- LYNDEN
- Jan III............................... < 1372- < 1381 and then...
- CUYK
- Jan IV...................................1381-1382 and then...
- HEINSBERG
- Jan V.................................c. 1390-1424 d. 1438
- Margarethan Gennep a fief of Cleves from 1405.
- Margarethan Gennep pawned to Cleves 1424
- Reunified Gennep
- To Cleves directly.........................1424/42-1609
- To Brandenburg and Pfalz-Neuburg..............1609-1630
- To Brandenburg alone (Prussia from 1701)......1630-1794
- To France.....................................1794-1814
- To Prussia....................................1814-1815
- To the Netherlands............................1815-1830
- To Belgium....................................1830-1839
- To the Netherlands............................1839-
HAAMSTEDE
A small village on an island in the Rhine estuary, facing the North Sea.
It was an appanage Barony of the Counts of Holland for about 150 years
during in the Middle Ages, before being transfered to a local family and
fading from view.
-
HOLLAND (Gerulfing)
-
Witte.........................................1299-1321
-
Floris I......................................1321-1345
-
John I........................................1345-1386
-
Floris II.....................................1386-1431
-
Floris III....................................1431-1454
-
Louis van Brugge..............................1455-1456
-
HODENPIJL
-
John II.......................................1456- ?
HAINAULT
Duchy.
In the south of Belgium; the lands between Leige and Brussels to the north,
and Lille and Valenciennes in France, to the south.
-
First Hainault dynasty
-
Sigehard.......................................908-920
-
Hagenon........................................920-923
-
LORRAINE
-
Reginar I Langhals.............................923-aft. 931
-
Reginar II................................aft. 931-957
-
Partitioned into Mons and
Valenciennes.........957-998
-
Reginar IV.....................................998-1013
-
Reginar V.....................................1013-1040
-
Herman of Mons................................1040-1049
-
Richilda (fem.)................................1049-1070
d. aft. 1076 with...
-
FLANDERS
-
Baldwin I.....................................1051-1070
-
Arnulf the Unlucky............................1070-1071
-
LORRAINE
-
Richilda (fem.)(restored).....................1071-1076
-
FLANDERS
-
Baldwin II of Jerusalem.......................1076-1098
-
Baldwin III...................................1098-1120
-
Baldwin IV the Builder........................1120-1171
-
Baldwin V the Brave (Flanders 1191-5).........1171-1195
-
Baldwin VI (Flanders: Latin Emperor 1204-5)...1195-1205
-
Jeanne (fem.) (Flanders).......................1205-1244
-
Margaret I (fem.)
(Flanders 1244-80)...........1244-1253 d.
1280
-
CAPET-ANJOU
-
Charles.......................................1253-1256
-
FLANDERS
-
Margaret I (fem.)
(Flanders 1244-80) (rest.)...1256-1280 with...
-
AVESNES
-
John (Ct of Holland & Zeeland from 1299)......1265-1304
-
William I.....................................1304-1337
-
William II....................................1337-1345
-
Margaret II (fem.).............................1345-1356
-
WITTELSBACH-Bayern-Straubing
-
William III the Mad Count.....................1356-1389
-
Albert (Regent for William III 1358-1389).....1389-1404
-
William IV....................................1404-1417
-
Jacquette (fem.)...............................1417-1433
d. 1436: opposed by...
-
Capet-Burgundy
-
John IV, Duke of Brabant 1418, 1425. d. 1427
-
John of Bavaria (Bishop of Liege 1389-1418)...1417-1425
and then...
-
To Burgundy...................................1428-1504
- The situation in Hainault-Holland-Zeeland
1417-1433 defies easy classification in a list which, standing by itself,
would be misleading. Here is a brief foray into this period, for additional
clarification. Jacquette ruled 1417-1433, but 1428-1433 under the tutelage
of Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy. She married 1418 her first cousin
John IV, Duke of Brabant and Limburg (ruler of those duchies 1415-1427).
But John didn't assume authority within the three counties Holland, Zeeland
and Hainault - Jacquette and John were to be co-rulers, but John ceded
his right to rule for 12 years to John of Bavaria, the former John VI of
Bavaria-Hainault, bishop of Liege (1389-1418). This John of Bavaria (House
of Wittelsbach, uncle of Jacquette and younger brother of count William
VI (IV)) was a real opponent of Jacquette 1418-1425, until he was poisoned
in 1425. When John of Bavaria died, his right to rule was restored to John
IV of Brabant who, once again, didn't assume rule in Holland, Zeeland and
Hainault but ceded his rights to Philip of Burgundy. A civil war (1425-8)
followed between the adherents of Jacquette and the supporters Philip,
until Jacquette gave way (1428). Jacquette was allowed to rule under the
tutelage of Philip of Burgundy, 1428-1433, but she was forbidden to remarry
without consent of Philip, her mother, and the States of Holland, Zeeland,
and Hainault. When she did, in fact, remarry (1433) to Frank van Borselen
(member of the high nobility), she was dismissed. She died 1436. Her
successor thereafter as Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainault
(1433-1467) was Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.
-
To Spain,
and Hainault follows Belgium thereafter, while Holland and Zeeland follow
the Netherlands sequence...
HEUSDEN
A lordship in the very north of the province of North-Brabant, where
the river Meuse splits into the Dammed Meuse, to the northwest, and the
Bergse Maas (the Amer) to the west; c. 9 miles (15 km.) west of
‘s-Hertogenbosch (Bois-le-Duc). It had been a part of the
Carolingian county of Teisterbant, which disintegrated in the early
11th century, from which time Heusden became a fief of the counts of
Cleves.
- RODE ?
-
Herman (existence uncertain)..............fl. 1105-(>)1144
-
Arnold I.......................................fl. 1173, d.<1200
-
Jan I....................................fl. <1200-1217
-
Arnold II................................fl. >1217-1241 d.(<)1242
-
Jan II........................................1242-1268
-
Jan III.......................................1268-1308
-
Enfeoffed to Holland 1290-1296
- To Cleves 1296-1330
-
Jan IV...................................1308-1316
-
Jan V the Child of Heusden (Eethen & Meeuwen 1321-30)..1316-1330 opposed by...
-
Jan (I) of (Heusden-)Drongelen (Eethen & Meeuwen 1318-21)...1318, and by...
-
Eethen and Meeuwen were dependencies of Heusden
-
Sophia of Heusden (fem.)..................1318-1319 d.1334/35? with...
-
She was Jan V’s half-sister, accused of an attempt to poison her half-brother
-
Jan (I) of Saffenberg....................1318-1319 d.>1323
-
Jan van den Elshout, regent 1317-1319 d. 1323 with...
-
Gerard I of Horn(es), regent 1317-1319 d. 1330
-
Enfeoffed by the duke of Brabant to
- SAFFENBERG
-
Jan (II).................................1330-1346 d. (>)1382
-
His rule was actually a titular one and he wasn’t recognised by
the overlord of Heusden, the count of Cleves. He was opposed by
-
Willem of
(Heusden-)Drongelen.................1330 and by...
-
Jan (II) of (Heusden-)Drongelen (Eethen and Meeuwen since 1366,
d?)...1330
-
Heusden divided in two sub-fiefs and enfeoffed by the count of Cleves to...
- Perwez
- HORN(ES)
-
Dirk.....................................1332-1334 d. 1378
-
Hornes’ sub-fief to Brabant............1334/9-1357
-
To Holland...............................1357-1795
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Holland (Kingdom) 1806, France 1810, and the Netherlands 1814...
- Linn(e)
- CLEVES
-
Johan (lord of Linn(e); count of Cleves
1347-1368)...1332-1334 d. 1368
-
Linn(e)(s)’ to
Brabant................1334/39-1357
-
To Holland...............................1357-1795
- To the Batavian Republic 1795, Holland (Kingdom) 1806, France 1810, and the Netherlands 1814...
HOEKELUM A small lordship in the province of Gelderland in
the southwestern Veluwe region, 23 miles (37 km.) east of Utrecht and
11 miles (18 km) west of Arnhem, just south of Ede and and a bit north
of Wageningen. Its lords occupied a high position at the court of the
counts and dukes of Gelders, the hereditary office of Master of the
Hunt in the Veluwe and the Reichswald. They lost this office ca. 1477.
- Within Hamaland................................772-1018
- Local conditions only, c. 1000-c. 1100
- To County of Gelders (Duchy from 1339)........1096-1473
- Van HOEKELUM (used as such from c. 1400)
- Randolf I the Hunter......................fl. 1325
- Randolf II ........................fl. < 1357-1372
- Randolf III the Hunter...............fl. 1396-1414
- Herman I..................................fl. 1414
- Johan I..............................fl. 1424-1481
- He lost the office of Master of the Hunt in 1477, during the succession crisis that erupted at that time.
- To Burgundy...................................1473-1477
- Chaotic conditions stemming from war between Gelders and Burgundy, 1477-1481
- To Burgundy...................................1481-1492
- Herman II............................fl. 1481-1514
- To Gelders....................................1492-1538
- Johan II..................................fl. 1520's/30's
- To Jülich-Berg-Cleves.........................1538-1543
- Margaretha (fem.).....................fl. 1539-1542 d. 1542 >: with...
- Van TIEL
- Joost................................fl. 1539-1542 d. 1542 >
- Margaretha van Hoekelum and Joost van Tiel sold Hoekelum, which became an untitled rural estate.
-
To Burgundy/Spain.............................1543-1581
-
To the United Provinces thereafter...
HOLLAND
The
County, first described as such from 1101; previous rulers governed the
area as "Counts of Frisia" or "Counts of Kennemerland". The coastal lands
between the Rhine delta and the Zuider Sea, Holland is the core of what
would develop into the Netherlands.
-
County of West Frisia
(the northern part of the province
of North-Holland, including the island of Texel)
-
GERULFING
-
Gerulf I...................................fl. 833-856
-
Gerulf II..................................fl. 885-889
-
Dirk I.....................................fl. 921-928
-
Dirk I (apparently different from above)...fl. 928-939
-
Dirk II..................................c. 939 ? -988
-
Arnulf of Ghent................................988-993
-
Dirk III Jerusalem-Farer.......................993-1039
-
Dirk IV.......................................1039-1049
-
Florent I.....................................1049-1061
-
County of Holland
(possibly named as such from c. 1083,
certainly by 1101)
-
Dirk V........................................1061-1091
-
Florent II the Fat............................1091-1121
-
Dirk VI.......................................1121-1157
-
Florent III...................................1157-1190
-
Dirk VII......................................1190-1203
-
Willem I......................................1203-1222
-
Florent IV....................................1222-1234
-
Willem II.....................................1234-1256
-
Florent V the Peasant's God...................1256-1296
-
Jan I.........................................1296-1299
-
To Hainault...................................1299-1433
-
To Burgundy...................................1433-1482
-
To Spain......................................1482-1581
-
To the United Provinces (The Netherlands) thereafter
HOOGSTRAETEN A village on the Dutch-Belgian border,
just inside Belgium, 19 miles (30 km.) northeast of Antwerp and 13
miles (21 km.) south of Breda, the Netherlands. At the end of the 17th
century it became the basis for a partition Principality of the Salm
dynasty - when that branch of the family inherited Salm itself,
Hoogstraeten was calved off as a separate Dukedom. The title ceased to be used in the second half
of the 19th century, and today most members of the family live in
eastern Germany or Poland, but I include the nominal succession to the
present, to be complete.
- GELMELING
- Gelmel (A legendary Viking, existence problematic)...fl. late 9th cent. ?
- ??
- Within Brabant................................1106-1430
- Lords and (1518) Counts of Hoogstraeten to 1709
- Conradus..................................fl. 1135
- Godeschaldus..............................fl. 1159
- ??
- ELSLOO
- Johanna (fem.)........................fl. 1276-1283 with...
- GYMNICH (Gemmerich)
- Wennemar...................................d. 1283
- Sophia (fem.).........................fl. 1295-1301 d. 1302/3 with...
- CUYK (Malsen)
- Willem...............................fl. 1294-d. 1303
- Jan I (III of Cuyk).................c. 1303/4-1357
- Jan II (IV of Cuyk)......................1357-1363
- Jan III (V of Cuyk)......................1363-1367
- ROTSELAER
- Gerard...................................1367-1381
- It isn't clear from the
sources whether Gerard had purchased Hoogstraeten outright, or was
merely holding it in lien for debts owed.
- CUYK (Malsen)
- Jan III (restored).......................1381-1382
- Cuyk (a cadet branch)
- Jan IV...................................1382-1428 d. 1442
- BORSELEN
- Frank (II)...............................1428-1470
- Also Lord of Sint Maartensdijk and Zuylen; he is well-known in Dutch history as the fourth husband of Jacquette, Countess of Holland, Zeeland, and Hainault.
- To Burgundy...................................1430-1482
- CULEMBOURG (Bosinchem)
- Jasper (Lord of Culembourg 1480-1504)....1470-1504
- Within the Spanish Netherlands................1482-1713
- Elisabeth (fem.)(Lady of Culem. 1504-55)..1504-1540 d. 1555: with...
- Notes: See below, Antoine II. Also, Culembourg was inherited by
Elisabeth’s sister Anna and her offspring...
- LUXEMBOURG-Ligny (Limburg-Arlon)
- Jean.....................................1504-1508 and then...
- LALAING
- Antoine I (1st Count 1518)...............1508-1540 and then...
- Philippe.................................1540-1555
- Antoine II...............................1555-1568
- Elisabeth of Culembourg (see above) retained usufruct here for the balance of her life, 1540-1555.
- Antoine II was an ally of William of Nassau,
prince of Orange, and died during Orange’s first - unsuccesful - invasion in
the Spanish Netherlands in 1568.
- To Spain directly........................1568-1576
- Guillaume................................1576-1590
- Antoine III..............................1590-1613
- Charles..................................1613-1626
- Albert François..........................1626-1648
- François Paul............................1648-1691
- Marie Gabrielle (fem.)....................1691-1709 with...
- Princes of (Salm-)Hoogstraten
- SALM-Hoogstraten (S.-Salm from 1738)
- Wilhelm Florentin I (as Pr. of S.-Hoogstraeten)...1696-1707
- Dukes of Hoogstraten
- Nikolaus Leopold I (Pr. of S.-Salm 1739; 1st Duke of H. 1740)...1707-1770
- Austrian Netherlands..........................1713-1794
- Maximilian (Pr. of Salm-Salm 1771-3).....1770-1773
- Constantin Alexander (Pr. of Salm-Salm 1778-1813)...1773-1828
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands............................1814-1830
- Wilhelm Florentin II.....................1828-1846
- Within Belgium................................1830-
- Alfred I.................................1846-1886
- Nikolaus Leopold II......................1886-1908
- Karl Theodor.............................1908-1923
- Alfred II...........................jan.-apr. 1923
- Nikolaus Leopold III.....................1923-1988
- Carl Philipp.............................1988-
IJSSELSTEIN A city 7 miles (12 km.) south-southwest of the
centre of Utrecht. It originated as a settlement in the
Utrecht-Holland border area on the river Hollandse IJssel, where clayey
and peaty soils were reclaimed from the early 11th century. The
lordship of IJsselstein came into being around the village of Benschop,
ruled by servants (ministeriales)
of the bishop of Utrecht. The seat of these lords of Benschop was later
moved to the castle of IJsselstein, which became the centre of the
later city.
- A fief of the bishopric of Utrecht.........c. 1000-1278/79
- AMSTEL-Benschop
- Benno..........................................fl. early 11th century
- ?
- Jan
- Bertrande (Baarte) (fem.).......................fl. c. 1230 with...
- AMSTEL-IJsselstein
- Gijsbrecht I (II van Amstelland)...........c. 1230-c. 1243
- Gijsbrecht II (III van Amstelland).........c. 1243-1252
- Division between itself and Amstelland
- Arnoud I...................................c. 1243-1291
- He founded the castle of IJsselstein ca. 1279
- Enfeoffed to Holland.............1278/79 (or 1285)-1556/1795
- Gijsbrecht III (deposed and imprisoned).......1291-1297
- He was suspected of being involved in the murder of count Florence V of Holland.
- To Holland....................................1297-1308
- Wolfert I van Borselen........................1299
- Guy of Avesnes (bishop of Utrecht).......1300-1308 d. 1317
- Gijsbrecht III (restored. ....................1308-1343
- His forfeited territories
were returned to him after the marriage of his heir Arnoud II with an
illegitimate daughter of Guy of Avesnes, bishop of Utrecht
- Arnoud II (1st Baron 1346)....................1343-1364
- Guyotte (fem.).................................1364-1369/74 with...
- EGMOND
- Jan I.........................................1331-1369
- Arnoud (Arend) III ........................c. 1374-1409
- Jan II (deposed)..............................1409-1416 d. 1451
- to Holland....................................1416-1417
- Willem I (deposed).................................1417 d. 1451
- to Holland....................................1417-1421
- Jan II (restored).............................1421-1436 d. 1451
- He was the father of Arnold, duke of Gelders 1423-1465 and 1471-1473.
- Willem I (restored)...........................1436-1451
- Willem II.....................................1451-1464 d. 1483
- Frederik (lord [count 1492] of Buren 1462)....1464-1521
- Floris (count of Buren) ......................1521-1539
- Maximiliaan (co. of Buren and Tecklenburg)....1539-1548
- Anna (countess of Buren) .....................1548-1558 with...
- NASSAU-(ORANGE) Stadholders of Holland etc. 1572-1650 and 1672-1702.
- Willem (I)....................................1551-1584
- The barons of IJsselstein
from Willem I (‘Prince of Orange’, ‘William the
Silent’) behaved as practically independent rulers (based after a
charter of king Philip II issued in 1556) until 1795.
- Philips Willem................................1584-1618
- Maurits.......................................1618-1625
- Frederik Hendrik..............................1625-1647
- Willem II.....................................1647-1650
- Willem III....................................1650-1702
- NASSAU-DIETZ (called ORANGE-NASSAU)
- Johan Willem Friso (stadholder of Friesland)..1702-1711
- Willem IV (stdh. of Friesland, from 1747 of the Dutch Republic)...1711-1751
- Willem V (stadholder of the Dutch Republic)...1751-1795 d. 1806
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To Kingdom of Holland.........................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands............................1814-
KESSEL
A small county in the northwest of
the province of Limburg, along the west bank of the river Meuse
between Venlo in the south to Boxmeer in the north - Gennep is
immediately to the northwest, and Cuyk just beyond to the north.
- Bruno..........................................fl. 1081
- It is uncertain whether he was granted the Countship, or was already count of Kessel.
- Hendrik I...............................fl. 1082 >-1114 d. 1114
- Gerard........................................1114-1118 > with...
- Hendrik II....................................1114-1141 > and...
- Walter....................................fl. 1139-1158
- Hendrik III...............................fl. 1166-1188/9
- Hendrik IV..................................1188/9-c. 1219
- Willem....................................fl. 1232-1263
- Hendrik V.........................fl. 1260 (1254?)-1279 d. 1285
- To Gelderland, within the Quarter of Roermond (i.e. Upper Gelders) from 1279.
KUINRE A lordship (sometimes called a county) situated
in northwestern Overijssel, near the border with the province of
Friesland. It enclosed also land to the west of Overijssel, which was
later flooded by the Zuiderzee, now reclaimed (since 1941) as the
Northeast Polder. Remnants of this flooded territory were the islands
of Urk and Emmeloord
(from the 18th century: Schokland). The lordship of Kuinre came
into being during the 12th century, a dependency of the bishopric of
Utrecht, although its lords behaved themselves as sovereign rulers. The
first castle of Kuinre was constructed sometime between 1165 and 1197,
destroyed but rebuilt in 1204. This first castle was later flooded by
the Zuiderzee but its remnants are now visible on the bottom of the
Northeast Polder (a second castle, dating from 1378, is still
unexcavated). The present Kuinre is a small city on the border of
Overijssel and the Northeast Polder, 14 miles (22½ km.)
northeast of Urk, and 28 miles (45 km.) south of Leeuwarden.
- Hendrik I de Kraan .......................fl. 1195-1213
- Kraan means either Crane (Latin: Grus = Common Crane) or a rendering of ‘Kuinre’
- Name unknown
- Hendrik II................................fl. 1263-1265
- Name unknown (Johan?)
- Volrad....................................fl. 1275-1289
- The lords of Kuinre were also lord of Urk and Emmeloord 1280-1364
- Hendrik III...............................fl. 1294-1297
- Johan I...................................fl. 1318-1336/7
- Enfoeffed to Holland..........................1331-1407
- Herman I................................ 1337-ca. 1353
- Johan II.............................ca. 1353-1363
- Herman II................................1363-1407 d. 1411/12
- To the bishopric of Utrecht...................1407-1528
-
To Burgundy-Austria...........................1528-1555
-
To the Spanish crown..........................1555-1581
-
To the Dutch Republic 1581
"La Barrière"
Some mention should be made of these groups of fortifications,
although they never constituted a state in the sense used by this archive.
In the latter-XVIIth century, France strove to dominate Europe and expand
territorially. French forces invaded the Netherlands in 1672, and were
not fully dislodged for two years. As a result, the United Provinces sought
to establish a first line of defence against future French aggression and,
to that end, set up Barrier treaties on three separate occasions:
The First Barrier Treaty was concluded in 1698, according
to the provisions of the Treaty of Rijswijk (1697). The French agreed to
evacuate the duchy of Luxemburg and strategic border fortress towns of
Charleroi, Mons, Kortrijk, Ath and Chiny. A number of barrier fortresses
in the Spanish Netherlands, near the French border were to be garrisoned
by Dutch troops. The task of these troops was to protect the Dutch Republic
and the Spanish Netherlands against a French invasion. Spain couldn’t afford
enough money nor troops for this task. The Republic paid 40% of the costs,
Spain 60%. The Barrier Cities were, from east to west:
Luxemburg
Namur
Charleroi
Ath
Mons
Kortrijk (Courtrai)
Oostende
Nieuwpoort
This Barrier System functioned three years (1698-1701), under considerable
difficulties and tension. The local population, nearly all Roman Catholic,
strongly objected to the presence of Protestant troops. When the last Habsburg
king of Spain, Charles II, died without heirs in 1700, Louis XIV of France
claimed the entire Spanish heritage for his grandson Philip (V of Spain),
and accordingly, French troops entered the Spanish Netherlands in February
of 1701. These troops, helped by the local authorities and populace, forced
the Dutch troops to evacuate the Barrier Cities without a fight.
The Second Barrier Treaty was concluded between
Great Britain and the Dutch Republic in October of 1709. The British acknowledged
the Dutch claim on a considerable part of the Southern Netherlands (Flanders,
South Brabant, Limburg, Upper Gelderland) and its need for a barrier of
fortresses against France. However, this treaty led nowhere, because Great
Britain changed its policy in 1710, supporting the claim of HRE Charles
VI, who obtained the Southern Netherlands (except most of Upper-Gelderland)
in 1715.
The Third Barrier Treaty was concluded at Antwerp in 1715.
The Dutch Republic obtained the right to garrison (less than claimed) a
number of fortified cities and fortresses in the now Austrian Netherlands,
near the French border (except Dendermonde, which is located near Antwerp).
From east to west:
Namur
Tournai
Menen
Warneton
Ieper (Ypres) *
Veurne
Fort de Knokke
Dendermonde
The garrisons of Namur and Dendermonde consisted of 50% Dutch troops
and 50% Austrian troops. The Republic paid the costs of these garrisons,
but received an annual Austrian subsidy for the upkeep of their Barrier
garrisons. These Barrier Cities fell short of expectations during the War
of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748). French troops occupied Menen, Veurne,
Fort de Knokke, Warneton and Ieper in 1744, the other cities in 1745-1746.
When France and Austria became allies in 1756, Austria lost its interest
in the Barrier Cities. Subsequently, the fortifications became neglected
and understaffed. Eventually, HRE Josef II unilaterally cancelled
the Barrier Treaty in 1781 and sent what remained of the Dutch garrisons
packing. As it happens, France did, in fact, invade the Low Countries again
- twelve years later. French troops entered the Austrian Netherlands in
1793, and again in '94, annexing the region; the United Provinces' turn
came in '95 when French troops occupied all of the Netherlands, abolished
the old Republic, and set up the Batavian Republic in it's stead.
* The site of some of the most intense fighting in World War I, exactly
200 years later.
"Lands Beyond the Meuse" (de
Landen van Overmaas) Some mention
should be made of this region, although it was never a state in the sense
used by this archive. The term refers to a region largely comprising three
minor lordships in the extreme southern end of what is now the Netherlands,
in the vicinity of Maastricht - the counties of Dalhem
and Valkenburg, and the barony of 's-Hertogenrade.
Each of these emerged in the usual fashion during the Middle Ages, each
in turn was absorbed eventually by the Duchy of Brabant, and thence to
Burgundy and Spain. In 1544 the region was assigned administratively to
the jurisdiction of Limburg, within the Spanish Netherlands. A generation
later, open warfare broke out between Spain and the Dutch provinces in
the Netherlands - the Eighty-Years War of Dutch independence (1568-1648),
and matters in southern Limburg became interesting...
-
To Spain (within Limburg).....................1544-1632/48
-
During the course of the Eighty-Years War (1568-1648)
the Dutch Republic had occupied a number of cities and strongholds in Dalhem,
Valkenburg and ‘s-Hertogenrade between 1632 and 1648, but these possessions
were scattered between those strongholds which remained occupied by Spanish
troops. The Treaty of Münster offered no solution to the problem of
the boundaries in this part of the Netherlands. The Republic and Spain
negotiated 1648-1661, but without results. Finally, a decision was taken
in 1661 (the ‘Partage Treaty’). Each of the three ‘Lands Beyond the Meuse’
was partitioned into a Dutch and a Spanish section. The political map of
southern Limburg thereupon became balkanized to an extreme degree, 1661-1794.
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands............................1814-
-
When Belgium became independent in 1831, Limburg
was partitioned into Dutch and Belgian zones, which resulted in a considerable
portion of Dalhem falling on the Belgian side of the frontier.
See also Moresnet for another district in southern
Limburg (now in the Belgian province of Liege) within which specialized
and very local arrangements needed to be made, during the 19th century.
LIÈGE (Lüttich,
Luik) A Prince-Bishopric in central Belgium holding a
large territory. Tongeren and Maastricht are two towns north and northeast
of Liege. Tongeren is in northeastern Belgium, Maastricht is located at
the end of a narrow southern panhandle of the Netherlands. Each was an
ecclesiastic seat, Maastricht superceding Tongeren and being absorbed in
turn by Liege.
-
Seat established at Tongeren
-
Maternus..........................said to have fl. 1st cent.
-
Navitus
-
Marcellus
-
Metropolus
-
Severinus
-
Florentius
-
Martinus
-
Maximinus
-
Valentinus
-
Seat moved to Maastricht 380
-
Servatius...................................... ? -384
-
Agricolaus
-
Ursinicus
-
Designatus
-
Renatus
-
Supplicius (Suplitis)
-
Quirillus
-
Eucharius
-
Falco..........................................fl. c. 500
-
Domitian.......................................535-549
-
?
-
Monulf the Holy................................ ? -597
-
Gondulf........................................597-617
-
Betulf or Perpetuus.........................c. 617- ?
-
Ebregisus
-
John I Agnus...................................623-629
-
?
-
Amandus........................................647-650 ?
-
Remaclus.......................................650-669
-
Theodoard......................................669-679
-
Lambert........................................679-698/700
-
vacant ?
-
Seat moved to Liege 722
-
Hubert.........................................706-727
-
Florebert I....................................727-746
-
Fulcher.....................................747 ? -765
-
Agilfrid.......................................765-784 ?
-
Gerobald....................................784 ? -809
-
Walkand........................................810-836
-
Pirard.........................................836-840
-
Hirchar........................................841-855
-
Franco.........................................856-903
-
Stephen........................................903-920
-
Richard........................................920-945
-
Hugh I.........................................945-947
-
Florebert II...................................947-953
-
Rather.........................................954-956
-
Balderic I.....................................956-959
-
Heraclius......................................959-972
-
Rotger.........................................972-1007
-
Balderic II van Looz..........................1007-1018
-
Walbod........................................1018-1021
-
Durand........................................1021-1025
-
Reginar.......................................1025-1038
-
Nithard.......................................1039-1042
-
Azzo..........................................1042-1048
-
Dietrich of Bavaria...........................1048-1075
-
Henri I de Toul...............................1075-1091
-
Otbert........................................1092-1119 ?
-
Frederic de Namur.............................1119-1121
-
Alberon I de Louvain..........................1121-1128
-
Alexander I von Jülich........................1128-1135
-
Alberon II de Namur...........................1135-1145
-
Heinrich II von der Leyen.....................1145-1164
-
Alexander II von Orle.........................1165-1167
-
Rudolf von Zahringen..........................1167-1191
-
Albrecht de Brabant...........................1191-1192
-
Lothar von Hochstaden.........................1192-1193
-
Simon van Limburg.............................1193-1195
-
Otto von Heinsberg.................................1195
-
Albrecht II van Cuyck.........................1195-1200
-
Hugh II Pierrepont............................1200-1229
-
Jean II de Rumigny............................1229-1238
-
Guglielmo I of Savoy..........................1238-1239
-
Robert I Thorote..............................1240-1246
-
Hendryk III van Gelders.......................1247-1274
-
Jean III de Enghien...........................1274-1281
-
Guillaume II de Auvergne...........................1282
-
Jean IV of Flanders...........................1282-1292
-
vacant
-
Hugh III de Chalons...........................1296-1301
-
Adolf I von Waldeck...........................1301-1302
-
Theobald de Bar...............................1303-1312
-
Adolf II von der Marck........................1313-1344
-
Engelbert von der Marck.......................1345-1364
-
Jan V van Arkel...............................1364-1378
-
Arnold van Horn...............................1378-1389 d. 1425
-
Johann VI (D. of Bavaria-Straubing 1405-25)...1389-1418
d. 1425
-
Note that Johann VI was never actually enthroned
as bishop, and governed Liege territory as Bishop-Elect. The arrangement
was brought about because of his ambition to become secular ruler of Holland,
Zeeland, and Hainault in succession to his brother William - see Hainault
for additional details.
-
Johann VII von Wallenrodt.....................1418-1419
-
Johann VIII von Heinsberg.....................1419-1455
-
Louis de Bourbon..............................1456-1482
-
Jan IX van Horn...............................1482-1506
-
Eberhard von Marck-Sedan......................1506-1538 d. 1565
-
Cornelius van Berghes.........................1538-1544
-
George d'Austria..............................1544-1557
-
Robert II van Berghes.........................1557-1563 d. 1565
-
Gerard van Groesbeek..........................1563-1580
-
Ernst, Hz. v. Bavaria.........................1581-1612
-
Ferdinand, Hz. v. Bavaria.....................1612-1650
-
Maximilian Heinrich. Hz. v. Bavaria...........1650-1688
-
Johann Ludwig von Elderen.....................1688-1694
-
Joseph Clemens, Hz. v. Bavaria................1694-1723
-
George Louis van Berghes......................1724-1743
-
Johann Theodor, Hz. v. Bavaria................1744-1763
-
Charles de Outremont..........................1763-1771
-
Franz Karl von Welsbruck......................1772-1784
-
Caesar Constantine Francis van Hoensbroeck....1784-1792
-
Franz Anton von Mecheln.......................1792-1793 d. 1795
-
To France.....................................1793-1814
-
To the Netherlands............................1814-1830
-
To Belgium thereafter...
LIMBURG
A
Duchy located in eastern Belgium, and ARLON,
a small county located in southeastern Belgium. Limburg and Arlon were
closely related dynastically; the ruling house of Luxembourg since count
Henry V of Luxemburg is known as the house of Limburg-Arlon. Note that
the present Dutch province of Limburg was composed of parts of the former
duchy of Gelderland and a number of small lordships
between Maastricht and Aachen (Ger.). The present
Belgian province of Limburg corresponds more or less with the former territory
of the county of Loon.
-
Theodoric & Richwin............................fl. 1033
-
Theobald..................................fl. 1041-1072
-
LUXEMBOURG
-
Frederick......................................fl. 1056 d. 1065
-
LIMBURG
-
Walram I Udo..................................1061-1082
-
There is considerable confusion over the identity
of Walram I. Most authors call count Walram I (1061-1082) ‘Walram I Udo’,
some just ‘Udo’. A charter of 1061 mentions a certain Udo as count of Limburg.
Other evidence suggests that he is identical with count Walram II of Arlon,
who died in or after 1082; so, the name of this individual and who he really
was is a bit murky. See just below for Arlon.
-
Henry I.......................................1082-1119
-
Walram II the Heathen.........................1119-1139
-
Henry II......................................1139-1167
-
Henry III.....................................1167-1221
-
Walram III....................................1221-1226
-
Henry IV......................................1226-1247
-
Walram IV.....................................1247-1280
-
Irmgard (fem.)......................................1280
d. 1283: with...
-
Rainald of Gelders............................1280-1283 d. 1326
-
Chronic war in a protracted succession crisis.1280-1288
-
To Brabant....................................1288-1347
-
Henry V.......................................1347-1349
-
To Brabant thereafter... But see also, the Lands
Beyond the Meuse and Moresnet for insights
into political fragmentation occuring in southern Limburg in the
17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Note also that Limburg sits astride the
frontier between the Dutch Netherlands and the Spanish (Belgian) Netherlands,
and was partitioned as such 1632/48-1794, and again after 1831.
-
ARLON Arlon
town is located in extreme southestern Belgium, 15 miles (24 km.) west
northwest of Luxembourg City. It is the oldest Roman settlement in Belgium
(Orolaunum), and was the start-point for Richard the Lionhearted's efforts
in the Third Crusade (1190).
-
? Henry....................................fl.
950-963, d. ?
-
? (unknown rulers)
-
Conrad......................................... d. 1032
-
Walram I......................................1032-1052 ?
-
Walram II (Walram I of Limburg ?).............1052-1082
with...
-
Fulco.....................................fl. 1055-1078
-
In personal union with Limburg.............1078/82-1139
-
Walram IV.....................................1139-1145/7
-
In personal union with Limburg..............1145/7-1214
-
Walram V (Wal. III of Limburg 1221-6).........1214-1226
-
In personal union with Limburg................1221-1235
-
To Luxembourg thereafter...
LOON (Looz)A
small County in Belgium, comprising much of the present-day province of
Limburg.
-
Rudolph....................................fl. 944-958
-
Garnerus...................................fl. 966-973
-
Giselbert.................................fl. 1015-1046
-
Emmo......................................fl. 1046-1078
-
Otto...........................................fl. 1080
-
Arnold I..................................fl. 1082-1126 ?
-
Arnold II..................................1126 ? -1142 ?
-
Louis I.......................................1142-1171
-
Gerard........................................1171-1195
-
Louis II......................................1195-1218
-
Henry..............................................1218
-
Arnold III....................................1218-1220
-
Louis III.....................................1220-1227 with...
-
Arnold IV (Count of Chiny 1228-1272/3)........1220-1272/3
-
John........................................1272/3-1279
-
Arnold V (Count of Chiny 1300-1313)...........1279-1313
d. 1321
-
Louis IV (Count of Chiny 1313-1336)...........1313-1336
-
HEINSBERG
-
Diederik (Heinsberg 1331-61; Chiny 1336-61)...1336-1361
-
To Liege thereafter, opposed by...
-
Godfrey of Dalenbroek....................1361-1364 d. 1395: and...
-
Arnulf VI of Rummen......................1362-1363
LOWER LORRAINEA
duchy located roughly in what is now Belgium, one of the divisions of Lotharingia
in the 10th century. It gradually lost territory as local dynasties grew
in power, and was eventually absorbed by Brabant.
-
Godfrey I the Captive..........................959-964 d. 995
-
Richar.........................................964-972
-
CAROLINGIAN
-
Charles........................................976-991 d. 995
-
Otto...........................................991-c. 1012
-
ARDENNES-Verdun
-
Godfrey II....................................1012-1023
-
Gothelo I.....................................1023-1044
-
Gothelo II the Lazy...........................1044-1046
-
LUXEMBOURG
-
Frederick.....................................1046-1065
-
ARDENNES-Verdun
-
Godfrey III the Bearded.......................1065-1069
-
Godfrey IV the Hunchback......................1069-1076
-
SALIAN
-
Conrad........................................1076-1087 d. 1093
-
BOULOGNE
-
Godfrey V of Bouillon.........................1087-1099 d. 1100
-
Godfrey was the commander-in-chief of the First Crusade,
and succeeded in conquering Jerusalem (1099). He was offered the crown
of a Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem, but refused it saying that he could
not pretend to be a King in the city of his lord. He did accept the title
"Protector of the Holy Sepulcher" though, and his successors did not quail
at accepting crowns.
-
LIMBURG
-
Henry.........................................1099-1106 d. 1139
-
BRABANT
-
Godfrey V of Louvain..........................1106-1128
-
LIMBURG
-
Walram........................................1128-1139
-
To Brabant, thereafter...
LUXEMBOURG
A
compact district located in the angle between Belgium, France, and Germany.
A County, then Duchy, during the Middle Ages, and source of one of the
most powerful dynasties in western Europe in the 14th century. Raised to
the status of a Grand Duchy in 1814, in personal union with the Kingdom
of the Netherlands - owing to differences in succession laws, the union
was dissolved in 1890, and Luxembourg became fully independent.
-
ARDENNES
-
Sigfried.......................................963-998
-
Henry I........................................998-1026
-
Henry II......................................1026-1047
-
Giselbert.....................................1047-1059
-
Conrad I......................................1059-1086
-
Henry III.....................................1086-1096
-
William.......................................1096-1129
-
Conrad II.....................................1129-1136
-
NAMUR
-
Henry IV the Blind (Count of Namur 1139-96)...1136-1196
-
Ermesinde (fem.)...............................1196-1247
-
LIMBURG-ARLON
-
Henry V (Count of Namur 1256-1265)............1247-1281
-
Henry VI......................................1281-1288
-
Henry VII (King of Germany 1308-14)...........1288-1310
d. 1314
-
John I the Blind (K. of Bohemia 1310-1346)....1310-1346
-
Charles I (K. of Germany 1346-78, HRE 1355-78)...1346-1353
d. 1378
-
Wenceslaus I..................................1353-1383
-
Wenceslaus II (Ger 1378-1400, HRE 1383-1419)..1383-1388
d. 1419
-
Jobst (King of Germany 1400-1411).............1388-1411
-
Wenceslaus II (HRE 1383-1419) (restored)......1411-1412
d. 1419
-
CAPET-Burgundy
-
Anthony.......................................1412-1415
-
LIMBURG-ARLON
-
Elizabeth of Görlitz (fem.)....................1415-1419
d. 1451
-
CAPET-Burgundy
-
John II.......................................1419-1425 d. 1427
-
LIMBURG-ARLON
-
Elizabeth of Görlitz (fem.)
(restored).........1425-1451
-
To Burgundy...................................1443-1504
-
To Spain......................................1504-1543
-
To France.....................................1543-1545
-
François d'Anglure.......................1543-1544
-
François de Clèves, duc de Nevers........1544-1545
-
To Spain......................................1545-1684
-
To France.....................................1684-1697
-
Henri Mqs. de Lambert & de Saint Bris....1684-1686
-
Louis I duc de Bouillon..................1686-1687
?
-
Nicolas de Catinat seig. de St. Gratien..1687-1690
-
Within the Prov. of Lorraine.............1690-1697
-
To Spain......................................1697-1713
-
To Austria....................................1713-1795
-
Annexed to France.............................1795-1814
-
ORANGE-NASSAU
-
Guillaume I (K. of the Netherlands)...........1814-1840
d. 1843
-
Guillaume II (K. of the Netherlands)..........1840-1849
-
Théodore-Ignace de la Fontaine, Governor
1841 -8
-
Guillaume III (K. of the Netherlands).........1849-1890
-
NASSAU-WEILBURG
-
Adolphe (D. of Nassau 1839-66, Regent in Lux.
1889-90)...1890-1905
-
Guillaume IV (regent 1902-5)..................1905-1912
-
Marie Anne de Bragance (fem.) , Regent 1908-1912
-
Marie Adelaide (fem.)..........................1912-1919
d. 1924
-
To Germany....................................1914-1918
-
Charlotte (fem.)...............................1919-1940
d. 1985
-
To Germany....................................1940-1945
Gustav Simon (chief of civil administration),
1940-44
-
Charlotte (fem.)
(restored)....................1945-1964 d. 1985
-
CAPET-Bourbon-Spain-Parma
-
Jean..........................................1964-2000 d. ...
-
Henri (regent 1998-2000)......................2000-
MECHELEN (Malines)
A city in north-central Belgium, about 14 miles (22½ km.) south
of Antwerp, and a similar distance north of Brussels. It was a lordship
within the bishopric of Liege from 915. It consisted of two enclaves (the
town of Mechelen and a number of villages; and the city of Heist-op-den-Berg),
surrounded by the county of Louvain and the duchy of Brabant. It was ruled
by a local dynasty, the Berthouts, also lords of Grimbergen, a territory
in Brabant. The Berthout line split 1147/51 into two collateral branches
(Mechelen and Grimbergen). After the dynastic union with Flanders in 1357,
Mechelen became the smallest of the principalities of the Seventeen Netherlands
until it was annexed to France in 1794. After the Napoleonic era, it become
an urban district of the Netherlands (1814-1830) and Belgium from 1830.
-
To the Frankish empire under the Merovingian
and Carolingian dynasties...416-843
-
Ado.......................................fl.
751 (754?)
-
To the Frankish Middle Kingdom of Lothar I.....843-855
-
Within Lotharingia/West Franks/France from 855 to,
technically, 1482; HRE thereafter, to 1794.
-
To Liege.......................................915-1301
-
Note: king Charles III of the West Franks (France)
granted Mechelen to the bishopric of Liege, which was confirmed by HRE
Henry II 1008.
-
BERTHOUT Named
as such from 1162
-
Wouter I the Elder...................fl. 1096-1107
d. c. 1120
-
Gerard I .................................fl.
1129 d. 1131 with...
-
Arnout I Drinkbeard..................fl. 1137-c.
1157
-
Wouter II............................fl. 1132-1147
-
Mechelen branch A
collateral branch ruled in Grimbergen as vassal
of Brabant from 1147/51
-
Wouter III the Pious.................fl. 1138-1152
d. 1180
-
Wouter IV ................................fl.
1180 d. 1201
-
Wouter V the Great...................fl. 1195-1221
-
Wouter VI............................fl. 1226-1243
-
Note: Wouter VI called himself (1226) 'dominus (=
lord) de Mechlia'
-
Wouter VII.............................. 1243-1286
-
Wouter VIII..............................1286-1288
-
Wouter IX................................1288-1294
-
Jan .....................................1294-1304
-
To Brabant....................................1301-1302
-
To Liege......................................1302-1313
-
Gielis (Gilles, Egidius) (as warden 1308-1310)...1304-1310
-
Florent (warden 1310-2; lord from 1312)..1310-1316
d. 1331
-
Mortgaged to Holland-Zeeland-Hainault.........1313-1318
-
AVESNES
-
William (I/III of Hainault/Holland 1304-37)...1316-1318
-
To Liege .....................................1318-1333
-
BERTHOUT
-
Florent (restored).......................1318-1331
-
WASSENBERG
-
Margaret (fem.)...........................1331-1333
d. 1344
-
Note: Margaret inherited M. from her mother Sophie
Berthout (d. 1329), daughter of Florent; Sophie had married count Reinald
II of Gelderland.
-
To Flanders, but contested by Brabant and the citizens
of Mechelen 1333/4.
-
DAMPIERRE
-
Louis (I of Nevers, co. of Flanders 1322-46)..1333-1334
d. 1346
-
Administered by France........................1334-1337
-
Ferry de Picquigny, as governor 1334-1337
-
Philip VI, king of France, as warden 1337
-
Awarded by king Philip VI of France to Liege in 1337,
but the rights of Liege were ignored by both Brabant and Flanders. Brabant
and Flanders jointly held the lordship of Mechelen, but in actual practice
Brabant administered the place unilaterally; in 1347 Flanders sold its
rights to Brabant.
-
WASSENBERG
-
Margaret (fem.)(restored)......................1337-1344
with...
-
To the bishop of Liege........................1337-1347
opposed by...
-
To Brabant and Flanders.......................1337-1347
-
To Brabant alone..............................1347-1356/7
-
YDULFING (See Brabant)
-
Henry (V, duke of Limburg 1347-1349)..........1347-1349
-
Godfrey of Arschot............................1349-1351
-
Note: both these Lords of M. were sons of duke John
III of Brabant.
-
John (III, duke of Brabant 1312-1355).........1351-1355
-
Joanna (duchess of Brabant 1356-1406)..............1356
d. 1406 opposed by...
-
DAMPIERRE
-
Louis of Male (II of Flanders 1346-1384)...1356/57-1384
d. 1384
-
To Flanders, personal union from 1357
-
Mechelen was ruled by the counts of Flanders (1356/57-1404),
the dukes of Burgundy (1404-1482), the Habsburg rulers (purely Spanish
from 1556) of the Netherlands (1482-1700/13), and the Habsburg rulers of
Austria (1713-1794). It was not, however, incorporated into the county
of Flanders, and remained one of the ‘Seventeen Netherlands’ during the
16th-18th century. In an anomalous position, it continued to be recognized
as an Imperial Barony even after the final separation of the United Provinces
from the Holy Roman Empire in 1648, and as such was apportioned a vote
(held by the Emperor himself) as a member of the Burgundian Kreiss.
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands............................1814-1830
-
To Belgium....................................1830-1914
-
Occupied by Germany...........................1914-1918
-
To Belgium....................................1918-1940
-
Occupied by Germany...........................1940-1945
-
To Belgium....................................1945-
-
Grimbergen
A lordship in Brabant, in personal union with Mechelen ca. 1096-1147/51.
-
To Brabant from 1159
-
BERTHOUT
-
Gerard II..............................fl. 1138/52-1180,
d. < 1188
-
Condominium of two subcollateral branches from
1197:
-
Grimbergen..................................Polaere
-
Gerard III...fl. 1188-1200...................Arnold
III...fl. 1188-1231
-
Gerard IV....fl. 1200-1224...................Oda
(fem.)
with...
-
Alix (fem.)
d. in or 1247>(1250,1254?) with.. Van
Der AA
-
PERWEZ (Perweys, Ydulfing).................Wouter.............d.
1236
-
Godfrey I....fl. 1218-1253 d. 1257...........
-
William (or, Gerard)...1256-1259/60
-
Godfrey II...fl. 1260-1264 d. in or > 1265
-
Henry.............fl. 1270
-
Marie (fem.)..fl.
1262-1287 d. 1290 with...
-
VIANDEN
-
Philippe I.........d. 1273
-
Godfrey I........1273-1306
-
Philippe II......1315-1337
-
Maria (fem.)......1337-1400
-
SPONHEIM
-
Simon............1400-1414
-
Elizabeth (fem.)..1414-1417
-
?
-
BERGHES (a bastard relict of
Brabant [Ydulfing] - descended from duke John II [d. 1312])
-
Philippe III.......d. 1474
-
Jacques..........1474-c. 1485
-
Georges.......c. 1485-1541
-
Ferry............1541- ?
-
Gerard............ ? -1617
-
Godfrey II (1st
Count 1625)...1617-1635
-
Eugene...........1635-1670
-
Philippe Francois...1670-1704
-
Alphonse Dominic.1704-1720
-
Magdalene Marie (fem.)...1720-1744
with...
-
d'ALBRET de Luynes
-
Louis Joseph...... ? -1758
MOHA A minor
county in the Belgian province of Liege, to the north of the river Meuse,
near Huy. It was set up in the 9th-10th century.
-
Mohelin d’Albore (legendary first lord)........692-
?
-
??
-
Albert I (first recorded count)...........fl.
1031-1059
-
Name not recorded (fem.)....................
> 1059- ? with...
-
DAGSBURG-EGISHEIM (Etichons)
-
Henry (Count of Egisheim and Dagsburg)..........d.
1065
-
Dagsburg (French: Dabo) was a small county in northern
Lorraine. Not all counts of Dagsburg after Henry were also counts of Moha.
There was no continuous personal union between Dagsburg and Moha. One of
his sons, Gerhard II, was count of the Nordgau (= northern Alsace) 1065-
> 1098 and count of Egisheim 1098- > 1098. Gerhard’s brother Hugo VIII
ruled as count of Dagsburg 1065-1089. The youngest brother Albert (II)
succeeded 1065 in Moha and Egisheim, and 1089 in Dagsburg. After Albert’s
death in 1098, his brother Gerhard II succeeded in Egisheim (d. > 1098).
-
Albert II (C. of Egisheim 1065-98, Dagsburg 1089-98)...1065-1098
-
(Henry-) Hugo I (Count of Dagsburg).......fl.
1103-1137 d. > 1137
-
(Henry-) Hugo II (Count of Dagsburg)......fl.
1137-1178 d. (>) 1178
-
Albert III (Count of Dagsburg)................1175-1211/2
-
Gertrude (fem.)..............................1211/2-c.
< 1225
-
To Bishopric of Liege thereafter, 1225.
-
But note, possession of Moha contested by Henry I,
duke of Brabant 1225-1227/9.
MONS A division
of Hainault, briefly autonomous in the 10th century.
-
Godfrey I..................................fl. 958-964
-
Richerus...................................fl. 965-973
-
Rainald............................................973
-
Godfrey II of Verdun.......................fl. 976-998
-
Reginar IV.....................................998-1013
-
United with Valenciennes
to form Hainault once more, from 1012...
MONTFOORT The city of Montfoort lies in the south-western
part of the Utrecht province, in the middle of the Lopikerwaard, on the
Hollandse IJssel river, situated between Utrecht to the east (9 miles -
15 km.) and Rotterdam to the west (25 miles - 40 km.). Godfried van
Rhenen, bishop of Utrecht (1156-1178) had a strong fortress built on a
strategic point of the Hollandse IJssel to protect his
bishopric against attacks and looting by the counts of Holland.
The date of its foundation is ca. 1170. Castle and adjacent territory
constituted the lordship of Montfoort, fief of the bishopric of
Utrecht, ruled by castellani (châtelains) from ca. 1170 to 1281,
and by burgraves afterwards until 1648.
- Within the Bishopric of Utrecht, to 1528.
- Castellani
- Names of the earliest castellani are unknown, c. 1170-c. 1215
- WEEDE (Amersfoort)
- Everard....................fl. betw. 1212/17-1227
- He perished in the
battle of Ane. This battle was fought in 1227 between Otto II of Lippe,
bishop of Utrecht, and Rudolf II of Coevorden with his army of Drenths.
The Drenthe rebels managed to beat the bishop’s forces, and
killed most of it including bishop Otto and many of his supporting
warlords. The horses of the bishop’s army sank into the swampy
ground, and the knights with their heavy armour were unable to fight
effectively because of this. The Drenthe rebel army was light, and was
used to fighting on this kind of ground. The battle bears many
resemblances to the Battle of the Golden Spurs in Flanders in 1302
- RANDERODE (Randerath)
- ? Bernhard (existence uncertain).........1227-c. 1236 d. > 1236 ?
- Willem c. 1236-c. 1252
- Aleid (Alix) (fem.)....................c. 1252-< 1262 with...
- GOUDA
- Willem Gerard Spiering (reg. c. 1252-5)..1255-1261/2 d.< 1291
- RANDERODE (Randerath)
- Gerard 'de Pape'.........................1262-c. 1275 (deposed) d. > 1291
- To Woerden...........................ca. 1275-1281
- Burgraves
- De ROVER(E)
- Hendrik I..............................1281/2-1299
- Sweder I.................................1299-betw. 1328/31
- Hendrik II..................... betw. 1328/31-1333
- Jan I....................................1333-1345
- Jan I, his uncle Willem,
his great-uncle Roelof and probably his cousin Hendrik perished in the
battle of Warns (1345, Southwest Friesland) when an army under count
Willem IV of Holland was defeated by the Frisians and the count himself
was killed. The battle is still commemorated by Frisians.
- Sweder II................................1345-1375
- Hendrik III..............................1375-1402
- Sweder III...............................1402-1411
- Jan II...................................1411-1448
- Hendrik IV...............................1448-1459
- Jan III..................................1459-1522
- Joost....................................1522-1539
-
Utrecht territory to Burgundy-Austria.........1528-1555
- Jan IV...................................1539-1584
- Hendrik (V) (lord of Abbenbroek), regent 1539-c. 1548 ? d. c. 1555
- Utrecht territory to the Spanish crown........1555-1581
-
Utrecht territory to the Dutch Republic 1581
- Philippine (Philipotte) (fem.)............1584-1593 with...
- MÉRODE-HOUFFALIZE
- Jean.....................................1584-1593 d. ?
- Anna (fem.)..............................1593-1625 with...
- MÉRODE-WESTERLOO-PETERSHEM
- Philips I................................1592-1625 d. 1627
- Philips II...............................1625-1638
- Floris........................................1638
- Ferdinand Philips........................1638-1648 d. 1652/3
- Sold to the States of Utrecht 1648
MORESNET (Neutral Moresnet)
A town and district located adjacent to the frontier of Belgium, Germany,
and the Netherlands, about 5 miles (8 km.) southwest of Aachen. The area
came under a territorial dispute at the close of the Napoleonic Wars, claimed
by both The Netherlands and Prussia, and was constituted a Neutral Zone,
administered by a commission of the claimant parties. See also the Lands
Beyond the Meuse for a record of other districts in southern Limburg
to which specialized and very local arrangements were erected between 1661-1794.
-
Within Limburg until 1794
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
Disputed between the Netherlands and Prussia..1814-1816
-
Jointly administered Neutral Zone established.1816-1920
-
Belgium replaces the Dutch claim 1831.
-
Prussia sole administrator...............1915-1918
-
Belgium sole administrator...............1918-1920
-
To Belgium....................................1920-1940
-
To Germany....................................1940-1944
-
To Belgium....................................1944-
NAMUR
A
county and (1184) Margraviate in south-central Belgium.
-
NAMUR
-
Berengar...................................fl. 907-937
-
Robert I...................................fl. 946-974
-
Albert I.......................................981-c. 1011
-
Robert II.....................................1013-1018
-
Albert II.....................................1021-1062 with...
-
Albert III....................................1061-1102
-
Godefroi......................................1102-1139
-
Henri the Blind (Luxemb. 1136-96).............1139-1196
with...
-
HAINAULT
-
Baudouin......................................1189-1195
-
Philippe I the Noble..........................1196-1212
-
Yolande (fem.) (Latin
Empress 1217-1219).......1212-1217 d. 1219
-
CAPET-COURTENAY
-
Philippe II...................................1217-1226
-
Henri II......................................1226-1229
-
Margarethe (fem.)..............................1229-1232
d. 1270
-
VIANDEN
-
Henri III.....................................1232-1237 d. 1272
-
CAPET-COURTENAY
-
Baudouin II (Latin Emperor 1228-1261).........1237-1256
d. 1273
-
LIMBURG-ARLON
-
Henri IV (Count of Luxembourg 1247-1281)......1256-1265
d. 1281
-
De DAMPIERRE
-
Guy I.........................................1265-1297 d. 1304
-
Jean I........................................1297-1331
-
Jean II.......................................1331-1335
-
Guy II........................................1335-1336
-
Philippe III..................................1336-1337
-
Guillaume I the Rich..........................1337-1391
-
Guillaume II..................................1391-1418
-
Jean III......................................1418-1429
- Jean
III fell deeply into debt, and sold Namur to Burgundy in 1421, although
he retained certain rights for the balance of his lifetime. He left
issue, who continued as a seigneural family (as the House of Namur)
with estates at Dhuy, Berzée, and
-
To Burgundy...................................1421-1516
-
Antoine Sgr. de Croy, ct. de Porcien.....1430-1465
-
Philipp de Hornes heer van Gaasbeek, (de facto)1465
-
Baudouin de Humières.....................1465-1466
-
Hué de Humières..........................1466-1469
?: with...
-
Jean de Longchamps (commander of the garrison 1466-1469
?)
-
Guy de Brimeu seigneur d'Humbercourt.....1469-1477
-
Jean de Longchamps seigneur de Wignée, acting
1477-1478
-
Philippe de Bourgogne sgr. de Beveren....1478-1481
-
Jean de Chalon prince d'Orange...........1482-1485
assisted by...
-
Godefroid d'Eve, acting 1483-1485
-
Jan de Berghes heer van Walhain..........1485-1502
-
Englebert Gr. v. Nassau & Vianden........1502-1503
-
Guillaume de Croy seigneur de Chièvres...1503-1509
-
Jan de Berghes heer v. Walhain (rest.)...1509-1527
-
To Spain......................................1516-1692
-
Anton mqs. v. Berghes, ct. v. Walhain....1527-1541
-
Thierry baron de Brandebourg, acting 1541
-
Peter baron v. Werchin & Chisoing........1541-1545
-
Peter Ernst Gr. v. Mansfeld..............1545-1552
(1554)
-
Henri de Withem sgr. de Beersel, acting 1552-4 while
Mansfeld was imprisoned by the French.
-
Philippe de Senzelles, acting 1554
-
Charles comte de Berlaymont..............1554-1576
-
Jean de Bourgogne seigneur de Froidmont, acting 1576-7
-
Jean de Croy comte de Roeulx, acting 1577-8
-
Charles ct. de Berlaymont (rest.)...Feb.-June
1578
-
Gilles comte de Berlaymont...............1578-1579
-
Florent comte de Berlaymont..............1579-1599
-
Charles d'Egmont prince de Gavre.........1599-c.
1620
-
Charles de Gourevodca, possibly acting c. 1620 ?
-
Maximilien comte de Sainte-Aldegonde.....1620-1626
-
Philippe Charles d'Arenberg duc Aerschot.1626-1640
-
Claude de Lannoy comte de la Mollerie....1641-1643
-
Ernst Graf v. Isenburg-Grenzau...........1643-1645
-
Claude de Rye baron de Balençon..........1645-1648
-
Ambroise comte de Hornes et de Basigny...1648-1649
-
Philippe Prince de Croy-Chimay-Arenberg..1649-1653
-
Jacques Nicolas de Bruges ct. de Saint-Amour...1653-1658
-
Mar. de Camp de Crampenbach, acting 1658-9
-
Albert François de Croy comte de Meghem...1659-1674
-
Jean Charles de Wauteville marquis de Conflans, acting
1674-5
-
Octave de Ligne-Arenberg prince de Barbençon...1675-1692
-
To France......................................1692-1695
-
Louis de Guiscard, comte de Neuvy-sur-Loire...1692-1695
-
To Spain.......................................1695-1701
-
Philippe Charles Frédéric de Spinola
comte de Bruay...1695-1701 (1707)
-
To France......................................1701-1713
-
General --- de Saillant...................1706-1712
-
Gen. François le Danois de Joffreville....1712-1713
-
To Austria.....................................1713-
-
Ferdinand Alexandre marquis de Maffei.....1713-1714
-
Gen. --- Graf von Königsegg...............1714-1715
-
Adrien Gérard comte de Lannoy-Clervaux....1715-1729
-
Charles Conrad Albert duc d'Ursel et d'Hoboken...1729-1738
-
Charles Emmanuel prince de Gavre..........1739-1746
-
To France......................................1746-1749
-
--- marquis de Lusignan...................1746-
?
-
--- marquis de Firmaçon....................
? -1749
-
To Austria.....................................1749-1789
-
Charles Emmanuel prince de Gavre (rest.)..1749-1770
-
François Joseph Rasse prince de Gavre.....1770-1789
-
Within the Belgian United States insurrection..1789-1791
-
To Austria.....................................1791-1792
-
François Joseph Rasse pr. Gavre (rest.)...1791-1792
-
To France......................................1792-1793
-
To Austria.....................................1793-1794
-
François Joseph Rasse pr. Gavre (rrst.)...1793-1794
-
To France......................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands.............................1814-1830
-
To Belgium thereafter...
The
NETHERLANDS The Netherlands emerged as an independent
state in the 16th century, during its secessionist rebellion against Spain,
the Eighty Years War (1568-1648). The state was arranged as an aristocratic
republic; It was ruled by the States-General (i.e. a body composed of the
States of the Seven Provinces) and by the Stadthalder. The function of
Stadthalder was a remnant of the preceding period under Burgundian, Habsburg
and Spanish rulers. The function was hereditary in practice (not in theory).
The power of the Stadtholders was poorly defined and depended on their
personality (even contemporay historians are not in agreement about the
Stadthalderate). They were army commanders and controlled appointments
of city regents and other important offices. Their power ranged from servants
of the States to quasi-monarchs. The state recieved formal recognition
as a sovereign State, entirely independent of Spain and the Empire, in
1648. Following the murder of Johan de Witt and the re-establishment of
the Nassau family, the form was converted to that of Hereditary Stadthalder.
Succumbing to French invasion at the end of the 18th century, a French
puppet republic was set up, being followed by a Napoleonic Kingdom and,
ultimately, outright annexation to France. The modern Kingdom dates from
the Congress of Vienna, 1814-5. The current royal House retains the Name
of Orange-Nassau, although Queen Juliana's father was a Von Mecklenburg,
and Queen Beatrice's father was a Von Lippe.
-
To the Roman
Republic...........................55-27
-
To the Roman
Empire.........................27 BCE-300 CE
-
To the Franks...............................c.
300-511
-
To Austrasia...................................511-719
-
To Frankish and Carolingian Empires............719-843
-
To the K. of the Middle Franks (Lotharingia)...843-870
-
To the Kgdm. of the East Franks (Germany)......870-911
-
To the West Franks (France)....................911-925
-
To the East Franks once more...................925-1648
-
A portion of the Burgundian Inheritance..1421/1477-1516
-
To Spain......................................1516-1568
-
NASSAU-ORANGE (Orange-Nassau in Dutch usage)
-
Stadholders
-
Willem I the Silent...........................1559-1584
-
Raadspensionaris
-
Jacob van den Eynde......................1568-1572
-
Paulus Buys..............................1572-1584
-
Maurice.......................................1585-1625
-
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt.................1586-1618
d. 1619
-
Andries de Witt..........................1619-1621
-
Anthonie Duyck...........................1621-1631
-
Frederick Hendrik.............................1625-1647
-
Adriaan Pauw.............................1631-1636
-
Jacob Cats...............................1636-1651
-
Willem II.....................................1647-1650
-
vacant........................................1650-1672
-
Adriaan Pauw (restored)..................1651-1653
-
Johan de Witt (acting, 1652-3)...........1653-1672
-
Willem III (K. of Great Britain 1689-1702)....1672-1702
-
Gaspar Fagel.............................1672-1688
-
vacant........................................1702-1747
-
Anthonie Heinsius........................1689-1720
-
Isaac van Hoornbeek......................1720-1727
-
Simon van Slingelandt....................1727-1736
-
Anthonie van der Heim....................1737-1746
-
Jacob Gilles.............................1746-1749
-
Willem IV.....................................1747-1751
-
Pieter Steyn.............................1749-1772
-
Willem V......................................1751-1795 d. 1806
-
Regency
-
Anna of Hannover, regent 1751-1759
-
Ludwig Ernst of Brunswick, regent 1759-1766
-
Raadspensionaris
-
Pieter van Bleiswyk......................1772-1787
-
Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel............1787-1795
-
Batavian Republic.............................1795-1806
-
National Assembly ("Convention"), 1796-1798
-
Executive Authority ("Directory"), 1798-1801
-
State Council, 1801-1805
-
Raadspensionaris
-
Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck..............1805-1806
d. 1825
-
BONAPARTE
-
Louis I.......................................1806-1810 d. 1846
-
Louis II.................................1-13 July 1810 d. 1831
-
Annexed to France.............................1810-1813/4
-
NASSAU-ORANGE
-
Willem I....................................1813/4-1840 d. 1843
-
Willem II.....................................1840-1849
-
Willem III....................................1849-1890
-
Wilhelmina (fem.)..............................1890-1940
d. 1962
-
Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont, (fem.)
regent 1890-1898
-
To Germany....................................1940-1944/5
-
Wilhelmina (fem.)(restored)..................1944/5-1948
d. 1962
-
Juliana (fem.).................................1948-1980
d. 2004
-
Beatrice (fem.)................................1980-2013 d. ---
- Willem-Alexander..............................2013-
PUTTEN One of the South Holland islands, southwest of
Rotterdam, to the east of the lordship of Voorne with the Bernisse as
boundary river. Its first administrative centre was the castle of
Puttenstein until 1304 and after its destruction the castle of
Geervliet. Putten was a fief of Holland and Voorne, detached from
the lordship of Voorne ca. 1200. Its ruling family presumably descended
from the Persijns, lords of Velsen and Waterland. Putten entered into a
personal union with Strijen in 1294. Both lordships were attached to
the county of Holland in 1459 and annexed in 1477. It was then ruled by
the baillif (Dutch: ruwaard)
of Putten. A famous ruwaard was Cornelis de Witt, brother of
Raadspensionaris Johan de Witt - both murdered in 1672 when the Dutch
Republic was simultanously attacked by England, France, Cologne and
Münster.
- VOORNE
- Hugo......................................fl. 1174-1189 d. 1189
- Lord of the parish ‘Putten along the Striene’, vassal of Voorne
- Name unknown (fem.).............................fl. c. 1200 with...
- PERSIJN ?
- Jan I..........................................fl. 1216
- He was perhaps a (half?)brother of Jan I, lord of Velsen
- Nicolaas I................................fl. 1229-1247
- ? Jan II (existence uncertain)
- Nicolaas II...............................fl. 1268-1275 d. 1275/6
- Nicolaas III..............................fl. 1276-1311 d. 1311 with...
- STRIJEN
- Aleid I.......................................1294-1316
- Strijen to Putten.............................1316-1459/77
- PERSIJN ?
- Beatrijs (lady of Strijen 1311-1354).....1316-1354 with...
- ZOTTEGHEM
- Hugo.....................................1316-1321 and...
- DAMPIERRE
- Gwy (Gwijde, Guy) of Richebourg..........1321-ca.1345
- PERSIJN ?
- Aleid II (fem.)...........................1354-1361 with...
- PRAET
- Boudewijn................................1354-1360
- ZUYLEN
- Zweder (lord of Abcoude and Gaasbeek)....1361-1400
- Jacob (lord of Abcoude and Gaasbeek).....1400-1459
- He made 1456 Philip the
Fair, duke of Burgundy, count of Holland etc. his heir. Putten and
Strijen were taken over by Philip in 1459 when Jacob of Gaasbeek died.
- To Holland but not annexed as such 1459-1477
- CAPET-BURGUNDY
- Charles the Rash (Duke of Burgundy, etc. 1467-77)...1459-1477
- To Holland thereafter...
RAVENSTEIN This
was a small barony in the northeast of the Dutch province of Brabant, on
the left bank of the Maas.
-
Diederik of Renen..................................12th cent.
-
Sophie (fem.)..............................fl.
1191-1203
-
CUIJK
-
Albert (I)................................fl. 1191-1233
-
Rutger I......................................1233-1268
-
Albert I..................................fl. 1268-1297
-
Rutger II.................................fl. 1301-1324 with...
-
Albert II.................................fl. 1278-1308
-
Maria (fem.)...............................fl.
1315-1327 with...
-
VALKENBURG-CLEVES
-
John..........................................1328-1356
-
Walram........................................1356-1378
-
Reinald.......................................1378-1396
-
SALM
-
Simon..............................................1396 d. 1397
-
To Cleves.....................................1396-1448
-
CLEVES-Ravenstein
-
Adolph........................................1448-1492
-
Philip........................................1492-1528
-
To Cleves.....................................1528-1609
-
To Brandenburg.............................1609/14-1629
-
To Palatinate-Neuburg.........................1629-1742
-
To Palatinate-Neuburg-Sulzbach................1742-1777
-
To Bavaria....................................1777-1794
-
To France.....................................1794-1800
-
To Batavian Republic..........................1800-1806
-
To Kingdom of Holland.........................1806-1810
-
To France.....................................1810-1813/14
-
To Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1814...
RECHTEREN A small locale in the central
Netherlands, 9 miles (15 km.) east of Zwolle in northwestern Overijssel.
In the later Middle Ages and early modern times it constituted a minor
Barony (County from 1711), first within the demesne of the Bishops of Utrecht
(until 1523), then within Gelders.
-
Barony of Rechteren within the Bishopric of Utrecht
-
VOORST
-
Hermann..................................1315-1326
-
Roderick.................................1320-1344
-
Zweder I.................................1326-1339
-
Luitgard (fem.)...........................1339-1345
-
HEECKEREN
-
Frederck I...............................1345-1387
-
Zweder II................................1387-1404
-
Frederik II..............................1404-1462
-
Otto I...................................1462-1478
-
Frederik III.............................1478-1490
-
Jan I....................................1490-1500
-
Adolf I..................................1500-1520
-
Hendryk....................................1520-1531
-
Utrecht secularized, Rechteren within Gelders 1523.
-
Otto II..................................1531-1542
-
Jan II...................................1542-1579
-
Adolf II.................................1579-1602
-
Zeger....................................1602-1603
-
Jan III..................................1603-1641
-
Joachim Adolf............................1641-1686
-
United Provinces formally withdrawn from the Holy
Roman Empire 1648.
-
Jan Zeger................................1686-1701
-
Joachim Hendryk Adolf (1st
Count 1711)...1701-1719
-
Adolf Hendryk, regent 1701-1712
-
Jan Eberhard Adolf.......................1719-1754
-
From 1719, the Counts of Rechteren were also Counts
of (Rechteren-Limpurg-)Speckfeld, in Bavaria.
-
Adolf Hendryk, regent again 1719-1722
-
Joachim Adolf............................1754-1775
-
Frederik Louis Christiaan................1775-1814
-
Napoleonic interruptions (Batavian Republic 1795-1806,
Kingdom of Holland 1806-10, to France 1810-14).
-
Within the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1814
-
Adolf Frederik Louis.....................1814-1851
-
Speckfeld to Bavaria, 1819.
-
Jacob Hendryk............................1851-1878
-
Adolf Zeger..............................1878-1918
-
Adolf Reinhard Zeger.....................1918-1962
-
Adolf Zweder Hubert......................1962-1972
-
Adolf Roderick Ernest Leopold............1972-
RODE (Sint Oedenrode)
The county of Rode
emerged from the Frankish pagus (administrative county or gau) of
Toxandria, which
corresponded roughly with the present province of North-Brabant.
Toxandria fragmented into three sections during the 9th century.
The eastern section
became the (dynastic) county of Rode, which centered around the
settlement of
Eerschot, nowadays the village of Sint Oedenrode (which derives its
name from
“Saint Oda’s Rode”; Oda was a female saint, born in
Scotland, who was venerated
in Eerschot from the 11th century). The names of its counts are
known from the 11th
century. Sint Oedenrode is in what is now south-central Netherlands, on
the Dommel River 10 miles (16 km.) southeast of 's-Hertogenbosch
and 9 miles (14½ km.) north of Eindhoven. Mierlo, a town which
has some association with this lordship, is 10 miles (16 km.) to the
southeast.
- COUNTS
of RODE
- Arnold I...............................fl. c.
1060-c. 1119
- Gijsbert I..............................fl. 1119 >-c. 1146 with...
- Arnold II...............................fl. 1119 >-c. 1125
- Arnold III..............................fl. 1146 >-1180
- Roelof (Lord of Mierlo from c. 1190)....fl. 1180 >-c. 1220 with...
- Gijsbert II.....................................d. 1207 >
- To
Gelders.................................c. 1190-1231
- LORDS of RODE (from c. 1190)
- When
Rode fell under Gelderland suzereinty, Roelof and Gijsbert were reduced
in rank from count to baron - they received the lordship of Mierlo in
compensation for this adjustment.
- Hendrik (Lord of Mierlo)...............fl. c. 1220-1231 d.(>) 1256
- He was Lord of Rode
until 1231. His descendents succeeded as Lords and Ladies of Mierlo
- To Brabant....................................1231-1795
- Burgundy 1430, Spain 1516, the United Provinces 1580.
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1809
- To France.....................................1809-1814
- Within the Netherlands thereafter...
RUINEN A lordship in northern Netherlands, in the
southwestern portion of the province of Drenthe, centered on the
village of the same name, located some 8 miles (13 km.) northeast of
the market town of Meppel. It was a fief of the bishopric of Utrecht
ca. 1040-1536, of its Habsburg successors (HRE Charles V and king
Philip II of Spain) 1536-1581 and of the States of Overijssel 1581-1795.
- Uffo............................................fl. 1040
- He was the ruler of an
allodium enclosing Southwest-Drenthe. He rebelled against Emperor Henry
III, who sequestered most of Uffo’s possessions, granting them to
the bishop of Utrecht. Uffo’s remaining possessions became a fief
of the bishop of Utrecht.
- To Utrecht.................................c. 1040-1536
- ??
- Otto I (burggraaf of Utrecht? fl. 1105)...fl. 1139-1141
- Arnold I (burggraaf of Utrecht? fl. 1118)...fl. 1141
- Otto II (burggraaf of Utrecht? fl. 1139-1156)...fl. 1169-1181
- Arnold II............................fl. 1204-1217
- Johan I..............................fl. 1223-1241
- Arnold II.................................fl. 1247
- Bartholomeus (Mewekin)...............fl. 1261-1273
- He was the first of his family called ‘lord of Ruinen’.
- Johan II.............................fl. 1291-1299 d. <1304
- Stefanus (Steven)....................fl. 1325-1328
- Johan III............................fl. 1340-1377 d. 1378
- vacant
- NORG(-HUYS)
- Arend....................................1380-1396
- Johan IV.................................1396-1411
- Johanna (fem.)............................1411-1459 ? d. 1478: with...
- Van MUNSTER
- Berend (I) (Bernhard)....................1425-1443 and then...
- Steven of Norg, regent 1411-1425
- Van LAER
- Roelof...............................fl. 1444-1459? d. 1477
- Sequestered by the bishop of Utrecht....1459?-1465
- NORG
- Johanna (restored).......................1465-1478 with...
- Van LAER
- Roelof (restored)........................1465-1477
- Van MUNSTER
- Hendrik I................................1478-1510
- Berend (II) (Bernhard)...................1510-1545
- Hendrik II...............................1545-1590
- After the deposition of
Philip II, king of Spain and lord of the Netherlands, the States of
Overijssel assumed feudal sovereignty over the overlordship of Ruinen
1581-1795; nevertheless, Ruinen was occupied by Spanish troops 1581 to
1595.
- Hendrik III..............................1590-1635
- Within the United Provinces............(1581-)1595-1795
- The lords of Ruinen
remained Roman Catholic during the Calvinist-dominated Dutch Republic.
Ordinarily that wouldn't have been a huge issue, as the Dutch Estates
guarenteed basic freedom of religion. However, this instance generated
constant turbulence over the years, because the lord held the collatierecht, i.e. the privilege of appointing the clergyman of the Dutch Reformed parish in the town of Ruinen.
- BERNSAW (BERNSAU)
- Hendrik Willem Munster...................1635-1681
- Wirich of Bernsaw, regent 1635-1651 d. ca. 1656 (or ca. 1660?)
- Incorporated into Drenthe, but not annexed as such 1654-1766.
- Margaretha Gertrud Maria (fem.)...........1681-1702 with...
- SCHELLART Von OBBENDORF
- Frans Caspar Adriaan.....................1681-1701
- Elisabeth Henriëtte (fem.)................1702-1727 with...
- Van HOENSBROECK
- (Johan) Willem Adriaan...................1704-1735
- Frans Arnold Adriaan Jan Philip..........1735-1740 d. 1759
- Lotharius Frans Hyacinth Victor..........1740-1766 d. 1796
- To the States of Drenthe directly.............1766-1795
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To Holland....................................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands thereafter...
‘S-HERTOGENRADE
A minor barony largely within the southern end of the Dutch panhandle extending
south along the east bank of the Maas River. The bulk of Baronial territory
lies just west and north of the German city of Aachen - a few tiny baronial
districts lie within what is now Germany.
-
SAFFENBERG
-
Herman....................................fl. 1056-1075
-
Adalbertus..................................1075 >-1109
-
Adolf.........................................1109-1136 d. c. 1158
-
Mathilde (fem.)................................1136-1145/6
with...
-
LIMBURG
-
Henry II, Duke of Limburg.....................1136-1167
-
To Limburg....................................1136-1288
-
To Brabant....................................1288-1544
-
To Limburg (administrative)...................1544-1661
-
Within the Lands Beyond the Meuse,
which see...
STEENBERGEN A city in the northwest of the present Dutch
province of North-Brabant (37 km west of Breda). It received municipal
rights in 1272. The lordship of Steenbergen wasn’t ruled by a
local dynasty but by lords of the neighbouring territories
- Within Breda.......................,....... < 1116-1287 and thus...
- a fief of Brabant........................1198-1794
- Breda endured a contested succession 1281-7, which resulted in a partitioning of the old demesne into three portions - Breda itself, Bergen-op-Zoom
(including Schoten), and Steenbergen. While Breda and Bergen were
granted to particular dynasties, Steenbergen became the "Common Land of
Steenbergen", under joint administration of the other two 1287-1458/9.
In the mid 15th century, The Commonality was further partitioned into
Eastern (to Bergen) and Western (to Breda) portions...
- East-Steenbergen To East-Steenbergen belonged the villages of Oudenbosch, Oud-Gastel,
Hoeven and the unreclaimed estuarine accretions along the Hollands Diep
estuary, where the fortress of Willemstad was founded.
- To Bergen-op-Zoom..........................1458/59-1794
- Note
- the Twelve Year’s Truce of 1609 concluded between Spain and the
Dutch Republic involved among other matters, the restitution of
the occupied territories of the marquisate of Bergen-op-Zoom by the
Dutch Republic to its legitimate ruler. However, Maurits refused to
return the stronghold of Willemstad.
The Dutch Republic and Bergen-op-Zoom came to an agreement 1611
(confirmed 1615). Willemstad and the surrounding territory of the
polder Ruigenhil were ceded by Bergen-op-Zoom to Maurits and became a
lordship - in effect, an enclave of the Nassaus
within the legitimate (Catholic) demesne of Bergen. The succession
of this lordship is identical to that given below for West Steenbergen.
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1809
- To the French Empire..........................1809-1814
- To the kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
- West-Steenbergen To
West Steenbergen belonged the cities of Steenbergen, Rozendaal and
portions of the village of Wouw. The remainder of Wouw lay in the hands
of the legitimate Lords of Bergen-op-Zoom, and was their primary seat,
in fact.
- To Breda....................................1458/9-1794
- NASSAU-DILLENBURG
- Johan(IV)...................................1458/9-1475
- Engelbrecht (II)..............................1475-1504
- Johan (V)..........................................1504 d. 1516
- Hendrik (III).................................1504-1538
- NASSAU-ORANGE
- René of Chalons (Prince of Orange)............1538-1544
- Willem I the Silent (Stdh. of Holland etc.)...1544-1567 d. 1584
- Sequestered by Spain..........................1567-1577
- Willem I the Silent (restored)................1577-1584
- To the Dutch Republic.........................1579-1794
- Uncertainty
about the legitimate ruler 1584-1609. Note: Prinsenland partitioned off
1605. Prinsenland is a small territory on the northwest coast of the
present Dutch province of North-Brabant, around the village of
Dinteloord (10 km southwest of Willemstad). It originated from
accretions off the coast of the Hollands Diep estuary during the 16th
century, ‘the New Accretions of Nassau’. The polder
(Old-)Prinsenland was reclaimed from the sea in 1605, owing its name to
Philips Willem prince of Orange. The village of Dinteloord came into
being between 1605 and 1613. The territory of the future Prinsenland
belonged to the inheritance of Willem I the Silent, prince of Orange
and baron of Breda, who died 1584. His possessions were claimed by his
sons Philips Willem (Roman Catholic, his successor in the principality
of Orange), Maurits (Protestant, stadtholder of Holland and one of the
leaders of the Dutch Republic) and Frederik Hendrik (Protestant), the
future stadtholder of Holland. Due to the efforts of Raadspensionaris
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, the brothers came to terms 1609. Despite the distinct political separation, the succession of this lordship is identical to that of West Steenbergen.
- Philips Willem (Prince of Orange).............1609-1618
- Maurits (Stadtholder of Holland etc.).........1618-1625
- Frederik Hendrik (Stadth. Holland etc.).......1625-1647
- Willem II (Stadtholder of Holland etc.).......1647-1650
- Willem III (Stadtholder of Holland etc.)......1650-1702
- Council of the Nassau domains.................1702-1732
- NASSAU-DIETZ (adopting the name of ORANGE-NASSAU in the 18th century)
- Willem IV (Stdh. Fries. 1702, Dutch Republic 1747)...1732-1751
- Willem V (Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic)..1751-1794 d. 1806
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To the Kingdom of Holland.....................1806-1809
- To the French Empire..........................1809-1814
- To the Kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
STRIJEN A lordship
which extended over the Hoeksewaard (one of the South Holland islands) and the
very northwest of Brabant, between Rotterdam (26 km) and Antwerp (76 km). The
early history of Strijen is poorly known. A pagus Stryna or Struona is
mentioned in the 10th century. Strijen was supposed to have
originated as an allodial principality ca. 630 – the Strijen legend – but this
view isn’t shared by present regional historians. The lordship of Strijen is
for the first time mentioned during the 12th century, when it was
apparently a fief of Brabant. It was united with Putten in a personal union
1294/1316-1459, until it was annexed to the county of Holland (1459/1477).
- A fief of Brabant ? -1203
- Vastraad.......................................fl. 1167
- Willem I.................................fl. betw. 1177/89
- A fief of Holland and sub-fief of Brabant 1203-1307
- Hugo...........................................fl. 1213
- Willem II.................................fl. 1224-1244
- Willem III................................fl. 1252-1256 d. ca. 1256
- Willem IV.................................fl. 1275-1283 d. 1293/4
- Aleid I (fem.).................................1294-1316 with...
- PUTTEN
- Nicolaas (III) of Putten......................1294-1311
- A fief of Holland..................................1307-1459
- To Putten.....................................1294/1316-1459
- To Holland but not annexed.........................1459-1477
- CAPET-BURGUNDY
- Charles the Rash (d. of Burgundy, c. of Holland etc.)...1459-1477
- He ruled Strijen and Putten as an apanage.
- to Holland directly thereafter...
THORN A small
village just inside the Netherlands, 22 miles (35 km.) north of Maastricht,
at the point where the Maastricht corridor joins the main portion of the
Dutch state - the Belgian frontier is immediately to the southwest, less
than half a mile (1 km.) away. During the time of the Empire, the village, and fairly extensive rural holdings nearby,
hosted a sovereign Benedictine convent. This establishment, like
Essen
and Quedlinburg, was reserved for ladies of
noble birth, as a place of education or retirement. Vows were not required,
and in fact many inmates left to marry, including one of the Abbesses (Anna
Katharina von Salm-Reiffenscheid, who wed Count Johann von Rietberg in 1647,
and had 5 children). The monastery is in a good state of preservation,
and the High Altar in the church is one of the most splendid in Europe.
-
Hildeswinde von Tegen...............................982- ?
-
Benedicta..........................................1010- ?
-
Godchildis
-
Adelheid
-
Elisabeth.......................................... ? -1217
-
Jutta..............................................1217- ?
-
Hildegund de Born..................................1231-1262/9
-
?
-
Guda von Rennenberg (1st Pcss. of the Empire
1292).1273-1304
-
?
-
Margarethe I van Boutersheim.......................1310-1337
-
Isande, Gfn. v. Wied....................................1337
-
Margarethe II, Gfn. v. Heinsberg...................1337-1378
-
Margarethe III van Horne-Perweys...................1389-1404 ?
-
Mathilde van Horne.................................1404-1446 d. 1459
-
Jakoba, Gfn. v. Heinsberg..........................1446-1454
-
Elsa van Büren.....................................1454-1473
-
Gertrud de Sombreffe...............................1473-1486
-
Eva, Gfn. v. Isenburg..............................1486-1531
-
Margarethe IV van Brederode........................1531-1577
-
Josina I von Manderscheid..........................1577-1579
-
Josina II, Gfn. v. der Marck-Lumain................1579-1604
-
Anna, Gfn. v. der Marck-Lumain.....................1604-1631
-
Josina Walpurgis, Gfn. v. Löwenstein-Rochefort..........1631
-
Anna Eleonora von Staufen (Abbess Essen 1645-6)....1631-1646
-
Anna Katherina von Salm-Reiffenscheid..............1646-1647 d. 1691
-
Anna Salome, Gfn. v. Manderscheid-Blankenheim (Essen
1688-91)...1647-1688 d. 1691
-
vacant
-
Eleonora Gfn. v. Löwenstein-Rochefort..............1690-1706
-
Anna Juliane Helene, Gfn. v. Manderscheid-Blankenstein...1706-1717
-
Franziska Christine, Pfgn. v. Sulzbach (Essen
1721-76)...1717-1776
-
Maria Kunegunde, Hzgn. v. Sachsen (Essen 1776-1803)...1776-1795
d. 1826
-
To France..........................................1795-1814
-
To the Netherlands.................................1814-
TOURNAI (Doornik)
A Belgian city in western Hainault, about 5 miles (8 km.) from the French
border and 44 miles (70 km.) west-southwest of Brussels. Dating from Roman
times (as Turnacum), it was an important Merovingian community - the birthplace
of Clovis I - and the site of one of the finest cathedrals in Europe from
the Middle Ages.
- To the Roman Republic...........................57-27
- To the Roman Empire.........................27 BCE-395 CE
- To the West Roman Empire.......................395-432
- To the Franks..................................432-511
-
To Soissons....................................511-567
-
To Neustria....................................567-719
-
To the Kingdom of the Franks (719), and the Carolingian
Empire. Within the Kingdom of the West Franks (France) from 843.
-
To Flanders....................................862-1187
- Castellans of Tournai
- Gerulf I (called "Comes" - i.e. Count)....968-1002
- ?
- Ralph....................................1037-1066
- Gerulf II................................1066-1078
- EINE
- Everard I Ralph (Lord of Mortagne).......1078-1110
- Walter (Lord of Mortagne)................1110-1137
- Everard II Ralph (Lord of Mortagne)......1137-1159
- Everard III Ralph (Lord of Mortagne).....1159-1189
-
Chartered Commune.............................1188-1513
-
Technically a part of France, Tournai was sufficiently
distant enough from the centers of French authority that it was essentially
an independent republic during the later Middle Ages; much in the same
way that chartered cities in northern Italy were more-or-less autonomous
in similar circumstances.
- Baldwin (Lord of Mortagne)...............1189-1208
- Everard IV Ralph (Lord of Mortagne)......1208-1226
- Arnold (Lord of Mortagne)................1226-1265
- John (Lord of Mortagne)..................1265-1279
- Marie (Lady of Mortagne).................1279-1312 with...
- BRABANT
- John of Vierzon........................< 1297-1302
- Vacant
- Tournai
to France directly 1314; the old privileges and semi-autonomy of the
communal government in place from 1187/8 remained unaltered.
-
Occupied by England...........................1513-1518
-
To France.....................................1518-1521
-
To Spain......................................1521-1568
-
To the Netherlands............................1568-1581
-
A Calvinist center from 1543, the city supported
the anti-Spanish insurrection in the north until being beseiged and occupied
by Alessandro Farnese.
-
To Spain......................................1581-1667
-
To France.....................................1667-1713
-
To Austria....................................1713-1745
-
To France.....................................1745-1748
-
To Austria....................................1748-1794
-
To France.....................................1794-1814
-
To the Netherlands and (1831) Belgium thereafter...
TWENTE A district in eastern Netherlands,
adjacent to the German frontier in southern Overijssel province, it is
the most heavily urbanized region in Overijssel, the chief cities being
Enschede, Hengelo, and Almelo.
-
Within the county of Oversticht (Overijssel),
to 1336
-
Supervisors in Twente
-
Hermannes de Saterselo...................1258-1296
-
Herman van Brothem.......................1296-1314
-
Alfardus.................................1314-1324
-
Hendrik van Weldam.......................1324-1326
-
Berent van Welevelde.....................1326-1345
-
Overijssel to Gelders.........................1336-1347
-
Elbert van Eyle..........................1345-1347
-
Overijssel to the bishops of Utrecht..........1347-1528
-
Reinold van Coevorden....................1347-1348
-
Frederik van der Eze.....................1348-1358
-
Reinald van Coevorden....................1358-1373
-
Rudolf van Ahaus.........................1373-1380
-
Giselbert van Bronkhorst.................1380-1389
-
Dyric van Wisch..........................1389-1392
-
Herman van Twickelo......................1392-1396
-
Arend van Guterswijk-Bentheim............1396-1397
-
Gijsbert tot Bronkhorst..................1397-1402
-
Herman van Twickelo......................1402-1415
-
Herman van Keppel........................1415-1419
-
Wolter van Coevorden.....................1419-1425
-
Johan van Beverfoorde....................1425-1427
-
Symon van der Sculenburgh................1427-1431
-
Johan Brant van Apeldoorn................1431-1433
-
Everwijn van Guterswijk-Bentheim.........1433-1434
-
Roelof Hondenberg........................1434-1437
-
Johan van Welvelde.......................1437-1448
-
Roelof van Bervorde......................1448-1457
-
Willem van Buckhorst.....................1457-1462
-
Arend van Beverfoorde....................1462-1466
-
Goerd van Reede..........................1466-1484
-
Gerrit van Welevelt......................1484-1494
-
Johan van Twickelo, the Elder............1494-1500
-
Johan van Twickelo, the Younger..........1500-1539
-
Overijssel to Gelders.........................1523-1527
-
Overijssel to Spain...........................1528-1610
opposed from 1584...
-
Goosen van Raesfelt, the Elder...........1539-1570
-
Goosen van Raesfelt, the Younger.........1570-1581
-
Johan Mulert tot Voorst..................1581-1597
opposed by...
-
Overijssel to the Netherlands (United Prov.)..1584-1672
-
Johan van Voorst ten Grimbergen..........1584-1598
-
Ernst van Ittersum tot Nijenhuis.........1598-1612
-
Johan Mulert tot Voorst..................1605-1610
-
Unico Ripperda tot Boekelo en Hengelo....1612-1623
-
Robert van Ittersum tot Nijenhuis........1623-1638
-
Johan van Raesfelt toe Twickelo..........1638-1648
-
Johan Ripperda toe den Weldam............1648-1654
-
Ruther van Haersolte.....................1654-1660
-
Adolph Hendrik van Raesfelt toe Twickelo.1660-1682
-
Overijssel occupied by bishops of Münster.....1672-1674
-
Overijssel reverts to the Netherlands (United
Provinces) again...
-
Hendrik Bentinck tot Diepenheim..........1682-1691
-
Robert van Ittersum tot Nijenhuis........1691-1692
-
Unico Ripperda tot Weldam................1692-1710
-
Burchard Amelis van Coevorden Stuvelaar..1710-1712
-
Willem Bentinck tot Diepenheim...........1712-1748
-
Karel Bentinck tot Nijenhuis.............1748-1754
-
Frederik Jan Sigismund van Heiden tot Ootmarsum...1754-1769
-
Sigismund Lodewijk, graaf van Heiden Hompesch
tot Ootmarsum...1769-1786
-
Dirk Bentinck tot Diepenheim.............1786-1790
-
Arend van Raesfelt tot Elsen.............1790-1795
-
Overijssel to the Batavian Republic 1795; to France
1810, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands 1814.
TWICKEL A
barony in Overijssel. Castle Twickel, a magnificent Baroque structure with
a fine set of gardens, is located just north of Delden, a suburb of Hengelo
some 3½ miles (5½ km.) west of that city. The lords of Twickel
have long been powerful, influential, and cultured magnates in Dutch society.
-
TWICKEL
-
Hermann.......................................1347- ?
-
3 Lords, names unknown
-
Overijssel to Gelders.........................1523-1527
-
Overijssel to Spain...........................1528-1584
-
Johan the Rich............................ ?
-1537
-
RAESFELT
-
Goossen..................................1537-1570
-
Johan I..................................1570-
?
-
Overijssel to the Netherlands (United Prov.)..1584-1795
-
Johan II.................................. ?
-1648
-
Adolf Hendrik............................1648-1682
-
Adnana Sophia (fem.)......................1682-1694
-
WASSENAAR-OBDAM
-
Unico Willem.............................1694-1766
-
Carel Georg..............................1766-1800
-
Overijssel to Batavian Republic...............1795-1806
-
Jacob Unico Willem.......................1800-1812
-
Overijssel to Holland.........................1806-1810
-
Overijssel to France..........................1810-1814
-
Marie Cornelia (fem.).....................1812-1850
-
Overijssel to the Netherlands 1814 thereafter...
-
HEECKEREN
-
Jacob Derk Carel.........................1850-1875
-
Carel Georg..............................1875-1883
-
Rudolphe Frederik........................1883-1936
-
ALDENBURG-BENTINCK
-
Marie (fem.)..............................1936-1975
URK AND EMMELOORD Urk and Emmeloord are two small towns
located in what has been up until recently the north-central portion of
the Zuiderzee (now the Ijsselmeer). In early times, the area was a
low-lying coastal district, and a countship was established here in
later Carolingian times. The region gradually flooded however -
especially during the 12th and 13th centuries, and by c. 1250 all
that was left were two tiny islands: Urk itself, some 36 miles (58 km.)
northeast of Amsterdam, and Emmeloord (called Schokland from the 18th
century), 9 miles (14½ km.) east of Urk and 7 miles (11¼
km.) northwest of the town of Kampen at the mouth of the Ijssel River.
Nevertheless, the Dutch have reclaimed most of the old Zuiderzee, and
in 1941 Urk and Emmeloord were integrated into the Noordoostpolder and
once more are part of an extensive stretch of dry land.
- Gardolf (count of Urk).................fl. ca. 800-885
- ??
- To the St. Pantaleon monastery in Cologne......968-1280
- It was late in this era,
c. 1150-1250, that the region was gradually flooded by the sea, leaving
Urk and Emmeloord stranded as two isolated islands.
- Enfoeffed to the county of Holland............1280-1795
- To Kuinre................................1280-1364
- VOORST
- Roderik..................................1364-< 1367
- Walter.................................< 1367-1381 d.1393
- SWIETEN
- Dirk.....................................1381-1404/12 d. 1413
- VOORST
- Johanna (fem.)............................1404-1412 d. 1416 with...
- ASPEREN
- Otto ....................................1401-1412 d. 1423
- South Emmeloord (also called Ens) to Overijssel from before 1407.
- KUINRE
- Herman III...............................1412-1438
- Alyt (Aleid) (fem.).......................1438-1475 d. 1505 with...
- FREYSE Van STROEWIJK
- Evert..................................< 1453-1463 and
- Adriaan..................................1474-1475 d. 1477
- SOUDENBALCH
- Evert (I)................................1475-1495 d. 1503 opposed by
- Gerrit Entszoon, of Enkhuizen........ca. 1475-1477
- Evert (II)...............................1495-1530
- Johan....................................1530-1558
- Evert (III)..............................1559-1567
- Gerrit...................................1567-1599
- (Johanna-)Walravina (fem.)................1599-1616 with...
- RUIJSCH Van PELSWEERT
- Jan....................................d. ca. 1603
- Van Der WERVE
- Johan....................................1616-1660
- To the City of Amsterdam......................1660-1795
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To Holland....................................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands thereafter...
UTRECHTAn
important Mediaeval bishopric located in the Netherlands near Amsterdam,
and also controlling the north-central province of Overyssel.
-
Suidbert (Bishop in Frisia)....................691-692
d. 713
-
vacant
-
Willibrod (Archbishop of the Frisians).........695-739
-
vacant ?
-
Wera.........................................739 ?-752/3 or...
-
Dardan ?.......................................742- ?
-
Cilimannus ?
-
vacant, c. 752/3- < 777
-
Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, Custodian in Utrecht
753-754 with...
-
Eoba, auxiliary bishop 753-754
-
Gregorius, Abbot of St. Martin, adminstrator 754-775
or 780 with...
-
Alubert, auxiliary bishop 767- < 777
-
Alberich I...................................< 777-784
-
Theodard (existence problematic)...........784/5
?-790/1 ?
-
Harmakar (existence problematic)...........790/1
?-803/4 ?
-
Richfried..................................fl. 806 ?-815 (-827 ?)
-
Friedrich I................................fl. 828-834
-
Alberich II....................................fl. 838
-
Eginhard.......................................fl. 845
-
Lüdeger....................................845/8 ?-850 ?
-
Hungar.....................................fl. 854-863 d. 866 ?
-
?
-
Seat of the Bishopric transferred to Deventer owing
to Viking incursions, c. 870
-
Adelbold I...................................870 ?-899
-
Radbod.........................................899-917
-
Seat of the Bishopric transferred to Utrecht, c.
918
-
Baldric......................................918 ?-976
-
Folcmar (Poppo)................................976-990
-
Baldwin I....................................990/1-995
-
Ansfred........................................995-1010
-
Adelbold II...................................1010-1026 ?
-
Bernald.....................................1027 ?-1054
-
William I (of Wassenberg ?, of Ponte?)......1054 ?-1076
-
Conrad of Swabia..............................1076-1099
-
Burkhard von Lechsgemund......................1099-1112
-
Godebold......................................1112-1127
-
Andrew van Cuyck..............................1128-1139
-
Heribert......................................1139-1150
-
Herman van Horn...............................1150-1156 opposed by...
-
Frederick of Berg (antibishop), 1150-1151 and then by...
-
Godfrey von Rhenen............................1154-1178
-
Baldwin II of Holland.........................1178-1196
-
Arnold I von Isenburg.........................1196-1197 opposing...
-
Theoderic I of Holland........................1196-1197
-
Theoderic II von Neuenahr.....................1197-1212
-
Otto I of Gelders.............................1212-1215
-
Otto II von Lippe.............................1215-1227
-
Wilbrand von Wildeshausen.....................1227-1233
-
Otto III of Holland...........................1233-1249
-
Godwin of Randerath (van Amstel)..............1249-1250 d. < 1262:
opposed by...
-
Henry I von Vianden...........................1249-1267
-
John I von Nassau-Weilburg....................1267-1290 d. 1309
-
John II von Sirck.............................1291-1296
-
William II Berthout de Malines................1296-1301
-
Guy of Hainault (Avesnes).....................1301-1317 opposed by...
-
Adolf von Waldeck (Bp. Liege 1301-2), 1301
-
Frederick II von Sirck........................1317-1322
-
Jacob van Oudshoom (Flamingen).....................1322
-
Jan van Bronkhorst (antibishop), 1322
-
John III von Diest............................1322-1340
-
Nicholas de Caputio.........................1340/1-1342 opposed by...
-
Jan van Bronkhorst (antibishop, again), 1341
-
John IV van Arkel (Bp. Liege 1364-78).........1341-1364
d. 1378: opposing...
-
John V von Virneburg..........................1342-1371 opposed by...
-
Zweder van Uterloo (antibishop), 1346
-
Arnold II van Horn (Bp. Liege 1378-89)........1371-1378
d. 1425
-
Florent van Wewelinghoven.....................1378-1393 opposed by...
-
Reinoud of Vianen (antibishop, appointed by Avignon), 1379
-
Frederick III von Blankenheim.................1393-1423
-
Schism of Utrecht, 1423-1450
-
Rudolf von Diepholz...........................1423-1455 opposed by...
-
Rhabanus von Helmstadt (antibishop), 1424
-
Zweder van Kuilenburg (antibishop), 1425-1433
-
Walraven van Meurs (antibishop), 1434-1450
-
Gijsbert van Brederode........................1455-1456 d. 1475
-
David of Burgundy.............................1456-1496 opposed by...
-
Engelbert of Cleves (antibishop), 1481-1483 d. 1506
-
Frederick IV of Baden.........................1496-1517
-
Philip of Burgundy............................1517-1524
-
Henry II of the Rhine Palatinate..............1524-1528 d. 1529
-
To Burgundy-Austria...........................1528-1555
-
To the Spanish crown..........................1555-1581
-
To the Dutch Republic 1581
VALENCIENNES A
division of Hainault, sporadically autonomous in the 10th and 11th centuries.
-
Duchy of Valenciennes
-
Amalric........................................957-973 ?
-
Garnerus...........................................973
-
Arnulf of Valenciennes.....................fl. 976-1011/12
-
Reunited with Mons to once again
form Hainault... Nevertheless, a march countship
(Margraviate) was established almost immediately after the restoration
of the duchy of Hainault, and continued for another 57 years before merging
once-and-for-all with Hainault.
-
Margraviate of Valenciennes
-
FLANDERS (Baudouins)
-
Baldwin (IV, count of Flanders)...............1013-1045
d. 1067
-
HASNON (Reginars)
-
Reinier.......................................1045-c. 1047
-
LORRAINE (Reginars)
-
Herman (of Mons (Bergen), c. of Hainault).....1047-1051
-
FLANDERS (Baudouins)
-
Baldwin (VI, count of Flanders)...............1051-1070
-
To Hainault from 1071
VALKENBURG
A small town located about 10 miles (15 km.) east of Maastricht, in the
southeastern panhandle of the Netherlands between the Maas River and the
German frontier. It was a local Barony, being made a County in 1356, just
prior to being absorbed by its neighbours.
-
Guda (fem.).................................
< 1100-1119 d. 1125: with...
-
VOEREN-MONTAIGUE
-
Theobald...................................c. 1101-c. 1106 and then...
-
HEINSBERG
-
Goswin I...................................c. 1106-c. 1128
-
Goswin II..................................c. 1128-c. 1168
-
Goswin III.................................c. 1168-c. 1180
-
Goswin IV..................................c. 1180-1207
-
CLEVES-HEINSBERG
-
Dietrich I....................................1207-1228
-
Dietrich II...................................1228-1268
-
Walram the Red................................1268-1302
-
Dietrich III..................................1302-1305
-
Reinold III...................................1305-1333
-
Dietrich IV...................................1333-1346
-
John..........................................1346-1353
-
Philippa (fem.)................................1353-1354
-
SCHÖNAU-SCHÖNFORSTER
-
Reinald (1st Count, 1356).....................1354-1369
-
To Brabant....................................1368-1544
-
Attached to Limburg adminstratively...........1544-1661
-
Within the Lands Beyond the Meuse,
which see...
VEERE (Vere) A
small town in Zeeland, southwestern Netherlands, on the northwest shore
of what used to be Walcheren Island, now connected to the mainland by a
narrow peninsula separating the Schelde estuary from the Oosterschelde
- the city of Vlissingen (Eng. Flushing) lies on the
opposite side of the peninsula, 7 miles (11 km.) to the south. Originaslly
a local lordship, it was elevated in status to that of a margrave in 1555.
-
BORSELEN
-
Wolfert I (1st Baron, late 13th cent.).....1270
> -1299
-
Wolfert II....................................1299-1317
-
Wolfert III...................................1317-1351
-
Hendrik I.....................................1351-1401
-
Wolfert V.....................................1401-1409
-
Hendrik II (Lord of Vlissingen 1453, Count of
Grandpré 1467)...1409-1474
-
Nicolaas van Borselen, regent 1409-1411 opposed by...
-
Jan van Heemstede, regent 1409-1412
-
Floris van Borselen, Lord of Sint Maartensdijk, regent
1412-1414
-
Aert van Cruyningen, regent 1414-c. 1422
-
Wolfert VI (Earl of Buchan 1444-1465; + Co. Grandpré
& L. Vlissingen)...1474-1486
-
Anna (fem.: Lady of Vlissingen)................1486-1518
-
(Burgundy-)BEVEREN
-
Adolf (Lord of Vlissingen)....................1518-1540
-
Maximilian (1st Mgv. Veere & Vlissingen 1555).1540-1558
-
At this point the land and the title diverged. The
territory was inherited by the family of Hénin, and assigned to
Maximilian de Hénin. But his father, Jean V, while retaining the
title for his family, specifically abjured any control or (more to the
point) responsibility for the region - the district had become a financial
drain and was heavily indebted. Authority over the district was invested
in a board of creditors, which managed the affairs of the place until 1581,
at which point they sold it to William the Silent (see below). Note also
that a portion of the inheritance (village of Domburg) was bought by king
Philip II of Spain, as count of Zeeland, in 1567. Domburg submitted to
William in 1581. The de Hénins continued to retain the empty title
of Marquis de Veere until the extinction of the House at the beginning
of the 19th century.
-
William of Nassau, prince of Orange ('William the
Silent') annexed the marquisate 1581 during the Dutch insurrection against
Spain. The princes of Orange (stadholders of the Republic until 1702) and
their successors (the princes of Nassau-Dietz, stadholders of the Republic
1747-1795) bore the title 'First Peer of Zeeland', were actually rulers
of the marquisate, representing (for what it was worth) the gentry and
the countryside of Zeeland. The United Provinces abolished the marquisate
in 1732, although the House of Nassau-Dietz refused to accept this - the
title was reinstated in 1748, but abolished once more in 1795 when the
Batavian Republic was constituted. The title was revived again for the
Nassaus in 1814 upon the establishment of the modern kingdom of the Netherlands,
and is still used by the kings and queens of the Netherlands.
VELSEN A small
lordship – restricted to its castle and immediate environment -
in the coastal dune area of North-Holland, near the western outlet of
the present North Sea Channel, which connects Amsterdam with the North
Sea, 25 km west of Amsterdam, around the present village of Velsen. Its
lords ruled (one half of ) the lordship of Waterland from the 13th
century until 1353/72.
- PERSIJN
-
Jan (existence uncertain)......................fl. 1080
-
Arnoud Spiker I (Spicar, Spijker)..............fl. 1145 or 1130-1161
-
Dirk......................................fl. 1162-1167
-
Jan I..........................................fl. 1204 d. 1224 with... ?
-
Arnoud Spiker II..........................fl. 1204-1206/10
-
Nicolaas I................................fl. 1224-c. 1237 d.1255
-
Jan II (Waterland until 1282; ½ Waterland 1282-1283; lord of Amsterdam 1280-1282)...fl.1268-1282 d. 1283
-
Nicolaas II (½ Waterland).................fl. 1283-1304
-
Gerard van Velsen, one of the murderers of count Florence V of Holland
(1296), who didn’t escape the wrath of Florence’s
supporters, was lord of Beverwijk and Noordwijk, but didn’t
belong to the Persijn family. Preferable is Gerard van Noordwijk,
called Van Velsen
-
Jan III the Younger (½ Waterland).............1304-1353
- HAARLEM(- BERGEN)
-
Goede (fem.)...................................1353-1386
- HAAMSTEDE
-
Floris (III)..................................1386-1391 d(>)1431
- NIJENRODE
-
Gijsbrecht....................................1391-1396
- From 1396 Velsen has been in practice an untitled rural estate
VIANDEN A
small town on the Our River, just inside Luxembourg from the German frontier.
-
VIANDEN
-
Bertolf........................................fl. c. 1090
-
Gerhard........................................fl. c. 1096
-
Frederick I...................................1129-1156
-
Siegfried I...................................1156-1171
-
Frederick II..................................1172-1187
-
Frederick III.................................1187-1210
-
Henry I.......................................1210-1250
-
Philip I......................................1252-1273
-
Godfrey I.....................................1273-1306
-
Philip II.....................................1315-1337
-
Maria (fem.)...................................1337-1400
-
SPONHEIM
-
Simon.........................................1400-1414
-
Elizabeth (fem.)...............................1414-1417
-
NASSAU-DILLENBURG
-
Engelbert I...................................1417-1442
-
Henry II......................................1442-1450
-
John I........................................1450-1472
-
John II.......................................1472-1504
-
John III......................................1504-1512
-
Henry III.....................................1512-1538
-
René de Chalon................................1538-1544
-
William I the Silent..........................1544-1566
-
Rights assigned to Peter Ernest, Graf van Mansfeld,
1566-1604.
-
Philip William................................1604-1618
-
Maurice.......................................1618-1625
-
Frederick Henry...............................1625-1647
-
William II....................................1647-1650
-
William III...................................1650-1693
-
Ceded to Isenghien............................1693-1697
-
William III...................................1697-1702
-
Ceded to Isenghien............................1702-1759
-
William IV....................................1759-1795
-
To France.....................................1795-1814
-
To Luxembourg thereafter...
VIANEN A lordship consisting of a
chip of territory on the southern
bank of the river Lek, with the Lordship of Culemborg immediately to
the east. It was established around 1258/71 when Hubrecht de
Schenk, lord of Bosichem, granted a part of Culemborg to his
second son
Zweder. A castle (“Op de Bol”), the origin of the later
city of Vianen (15 km south of Utrecht) was built in the last quarter
of the 13th century. Vianen formed a self-proclaimed sovereign seignory
till 1795. During the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, as a
"free city”, it was a haven for felons, escaped serfs and
bankrupts.
- Within Bosinchem...........................c. 1150-1258/71
-
BOSINCHEM
-
Zweder I..................................fl. 1248-betw. 1285/7
-
Hubrecht.......................................fl. 1289 d. 1318/9
-
Zweder II...................................1318/9-1333
-
Heilwig (fem.).................................1333-1351 with...
-
WASSENAAR-DUIVENVOORDE
-
Willem Snickerieme (lord of Breda)............1333-1351 d. 1353
-
BOSINCHEM
-
Katharina (fem.)....................................1351
-
Hendrik I..........................................1352
-
Gijsbrecht....................................1352-1391
-
Hendrik II....................................1391-1417
-
Johanna (fem.).................................1417-1418 with...
-
BREDERODE
-
Walraf I (lord of ½ Gennep 1413-1417)..............1417
-
Reinald II....................................1418-1473
-
Walraf II.....................................1473-1531
-
Reinald III...................................1531-1556
-
Hendrik III...................................1556-1567 (deposed) d. 1568
- He
was one of the leading nobles (with Willem of Orange, Philip of
Hornes and Lamoral of Egmont) against the central government of the
Spanish Netherlands in Brussels, nicknamed ‘De Grote Geus’
(‘The Big Beggar’).He fled to Germany where he died,
sequestrated by the duke of Alva for the king of Spain 1567-1577
-
Johanna (fem.) (claimant 1568-1573)
-
BRONCKHORST-BATENBURG
-
Geertruid (fem.) (claimant 1573-1577)
-
Succession dispute 1577-1584/7
-
Hendrik III died without legitimate offspring. He had made Willem,
prince of Orange (‘the Silent’) heir and successor, but
cancelled this legacy shortly before his death in 1568 and
nominated his sister Johanna his heir.
-
Geertruid (fem.) (pretender 1577-1584) opposed by...
-
NASSAU-ORANGE
-
Willem the Silent (actual ruler).............1577-1584
-
His troops kept the castle of Vianen occupied for eight years
(1577-1584). The Court of Holland recognized the claim of Geertruid of
Bronckhorst-Batenburg 1582, a decision accepted by Willem of Orange in
1584. The castle of Vianen was evacuated by Willem of Orange’s
occupying force two days before his murder in 1584.
-
BRONCKHORST-BATENBURG
-
Geertruid (fem.).............................1584/7-1590 opposed by...
-
Amelia of Neuenahr (fem.)......................1584-1587 d. 1602
-
She was the widow of Hendrik III. She received 1587 the castle of
Amaliastein near Vianen, a large sum in compensation and the revenues
of the lordship over the next three years.
-
BREDERODE-CLOETINGE
-
Walraf III....................................1590-1614
-
Walraf IV.....................................1614-1620
-
Johan Wolfart.................................1620-1655
-
Hendrik IV....................................1655-1657
-
Wolfart.......................................1657-1679
-
Hedwig Agnes (fem.)............................1679-1684
-
Fiorentina (fem.)..............................1684-1698
-
DOHNA-SCHLOBITTEN
-
Amelia (fem.)..................................1698-1700
-
LIPPE-DETMOLD
-
Frederik Adolf (Lippe-Detmold 1697-1718).......1700-1718
-
Simon Hendrik Adolf (Lippe-Detmold 1718-1734)..1718-1725 d. 1734
-
To the States of Holland 1725-1795: To Batavia 1795, Holland 1806, France 1810, and the Netherlands 1814.
VOORNE A lordship in the province of South-Holland
(ca. 23 miles - 36 km. - west of Rotterdam) which included the island
of (East-)Voorne, bordering the North Sea and the Haringvliet, and the
island of Goeree (formerly: West-Voorne), now a part of the island of
Goeree-Overflakkee. Its eastern border was the river Bernisse, which
separated Voorne from the island and lordship of Putten. The
first residence of its ruling family was the castle of Poortvliet
(island of Tholen), which was destroyed in 1204 by an army of Willem I
count of Holland. After their recovery, the lords of Voorne built a new
castle on the island of Voorne, where the village of Oostvoorne came
into being. Voorne wasn’t formally incorporated into the county
of Holland, but ruled as a polity - Bailliwick of Voorne - in personal
union with the county of Holland. Names, dates and order of some of the
first lords of Voorne between Hugo I and Hugo IV are uncertain.
- Hugo I.........................................fl. 1108
- Floris I ?
- Hugo II ? ......................................d. 1135 ? or < 1156 ?
- Floris II.................................fl. 1156-betw. 1174/79
- Hugo III.................................fl. betw. 1177/89 d. <1189 ? with...
- Dirk I.................................fl. 1174/79-1189 with...
- Hugo......................................fl. 1174-1189 d. 1189
- Lord of the parish ‘Putten along the Striene’, vassal of Dirk I
- Partitioned between itself and Putten
- Hugo IV (castellan of Zeeland)............fl. 1198-1204 deposed
- To Holland....................................1204-< 1213
- Hugo IV (castellan of Zeeland) (restored).. < 1213-1213/6
- Dirk II (castellan/burggraaf of Zeeland)....1213/6-1228
- Hendrik (burggraaf of Zeeland)................1229-1260/1
- Albrecht (burggraaf of Zeeland).............1260/1-1287
- Gerard (burggraaf of Zeeland).................1287-1337
- Catharina of Durbuy (burggravin of Zeeland?), regent 1287-96 d. 1328
- Janne (fem.) (bggn. of Zeeland; l. of Bergen-op-Zoom ? -1349)...1337-1349 with...
- VALKENBURG
- Jan (lord of Valkenburg 1346-1352)............1342-1349 d. 1352
- VOORNE
- Machteld (fem.) (burggravin of Zeeland)........1349-1372
- To Holland....................................1372-1503
- An apanage for members of the countal house of Holland 1403-1503
- WITTELSBACH
- Jan (III) (co. of Holland 1418-25; opposed Jacquette; see Hainault)...1403-1425
- LUXEMBURG (Limburg-Arlon)
- Elisabeth of Görlitz (dss. of Luxemburg)...1425-1433 d. 1451
- WITTELSBACH
- Jacquette (css. of Holland etc. 1417-28)...1433-1436
- BORSELEN
- Frank....................................1436-1470
- CAPET-BURGUNDY
- Charles the Rash (d. of Burgundy, co. of Holland etc.)...1470-1477
- PLANTAGENET-YORK
- Margaret.................................1478-1503
- Sister of King Edward IV of England, she was the widow of Charles the Rash
- To Holland directly thereafter...
WATERLAND A
lordship in the eastern half of the province of North-Holland, to the
north of the city of Amsterdam, from the IJ to West-Frisia, a peaty
area dissected by much open water.
-
To the bishopric of Utrecht.........11th century ?-1st half 13th century ?
-
To Velsen..................1st half 13th century ?-1282
- PERSIJN
-
Jan (II)..................................fl. 1268-1282
-
Half to Holland 1282, remainder enfeoffed to Holland...1282-1353/71-2
-
Jan (II) (restored)......................1282-1283 d. 1283
-
Nicolaas (II)........................fl. 1283-1304
-
Jan (III) the Younger....................1304-1353
-
The Persijn share of Waterland to Holland but not annexed as such 1353-1372. See also, Velsen.
-
Catharina (fem.) (titular lady)...........1353-1371/2 with...
- WEZEMAAL
-
Willem (titular lord)......................d. 1372
-
The Persijn share of Waterland annexed by Holland 1372, contested by...
-
Gijsbrecht van Nijenrode (relative in the female line) 1373 d. 1396 and by...
-
Goede van Haarlem(-Bergen) (relative in the female line) d. 1386
WESTERWOLDE, and the Castle of WEDDE A
region in the far northeastern Netherlands, in the eastern and
southeastern portion of the province of
Groningen. Westerwolde is an isolated territory located between vast
peat bogs (the Bourtanger Moor forms the German frontier just to the east) - now
almost completely cut and reclaimed - bordering
the small rivers Mussel A and Ruiten A, which flow together to
the Dollard Estuary as Westerwoldse A. Wedde Castle itself is some 26
miles (42 km.) east-southeast of Groningen, about 4½ miles
(7¼ km.) from the German frontier.
- Loosely attached to (older) Saxony 785-1316
- A communal republic in the region, governed by consules.
- To
Bishopric of Munster.......................1316-1478
- ADDINGA
Adde I was enfoeffed by the Bishop of Munster with this region, and
proceeded to construct Wedde (Wedderborg) Castle, ca. 1360/70
- Adde I
............................1361/2/8 ?- ?
- Egge
I.................................... d. 1391
- Adde II..................................1391-< 1400 with...
- ? , Regent for Adde II, a minor, 1391-1400.
- Boele...............................1391/1400- ?
and...
- Hayo
I..............................1391/1400-1401 (deposed)
- vacant
- Hayo
I (restored)........................1408-1427 >
- Egge
II...............................c. 1443-1475
- Hayo
II..................................1475-1478 d. 1492
- To the City of
Groningen......................1478-1498
- Hayo II (restored).......................1486-1492
- To
Munster....................................1498-1536 opposed by...
- Jurgen
(I)...............................1492-1525
- Hayo
III.................................1525-1530 d.
1540
- To
Duke of Gelders............................1530-1536
- Berend van
Hackfort, bailiff for the Duke of Gelders 1530-1536 along with...
- Castellans of Wedde
- HEEMSTRA
- Bawyne...................................1533-1536
with...
- Van MUNSTER
- Jurgen II................................1533-1536
- To
the Burgundian-Habsburgian Netherlands.....1536-1593
- HRE Charles V ignored the rights of the bishop of Munster who, nevertheless,
maintained his claims until 1795. Westerwolde became a personal fief.
- Lord of Westerwolde
- SCHENK
van TOUTENBURG
- George (Jurgen
III)......................1538-1540
- Karel
I..................................1540-1561 d. 1571
- LIGNE (Dukes of Aremberg)
- Jan......................................1561-1568
- Jan de Ligne and Adolf of Nassau were
killed in the Battle of Heiligerlee (1568), the beginning of the Dutch insurrection
against Spanish rule
- Karel
II.................................1568-1616
- Contested between Dutch insurgents and the Spanish, 1580-1593.
- To the States-General of the Dutch
Republic...1593-1795
- Westerwolde ‘Land of the Generality’, henceforth administered by the
States-General, but in actual fact by the City of Groningen from 1619.
- CROY (Dukes of Aerschot)
- Anne (fem.)...............................1616-1617 d. 1635
- Van Den HOVE
- Willem...................................1617-1619
- Willem van den Hove purchased Westerwolde from Anne
de Croy, but his lordship wasn’t recognised by the inhabitants, and eventually the districted reverted fully to Groningen.
- To the city of Groningen.................1619-1795
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To Holland....................................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands thereafter...
WOERDEN The present city of Woerden, situated 25 miles (40
km.) east of The Hague and 11 miles (18 km.) west of Utrecht, arose
around the Woerden Castle, which was built in 1159 or 1160 by the
bishop of Utrecht to defend the western border of his territory against
the county of Holland. The commander of the castle was a servant
(ministerialis) of the bishop, called castellanus (castellan, lord of the castle), but he titled himself from 1165 also as dominus de Worthen(e).
The lordship of Woerden was finally annexed by Holland (1317) but
afterwards continued incidentally as an appanage or as a pawn.
- A fief of the bishopric of Utrecht.........c. 1000-1278/79
- Herman I .........................fl. 1131 (? 1127-1133 ?)
- Herman II ................................fl. 1165-1186
- Herman III the Elder.......................... fl. c. 1220
- Herman IV the Younger..................fl. c. 1220-1227 d. 1227
- Herman V .....................................1227-1252 > d. < 1257 (or 1227-68)
- Herman VI (deposed and banished)..............1268-1296 d. 1303 >
- To Holland....................................1806-1810
- He was one of the murderers of count Florence V of Holland and forfeited his lordship of Woerden.
- Enfeoffed to Holland........................1278/9-1296
- To Holland but not annexed....................1296-1317
- Wolfert van Borselen..........................1299
- Guy of Avesnes (bp. of Utrecht 1301-17)..1300-1317
- To Holland from 1317
- direct rule by Holland........................1317-1346
- Jan Aelman of Avesnes....................1346-1389
- Appanaged illegitimate son of count Willem III of Holland
- direct rule by Holland........................1389-1405
- WITTELSBACH
- John of Bavaria..........................1405-1425
- Appanaged ; bishop of Liege 1389-1418; opposed countess Jacquette 1417-1425; see Holland
- direct rule by Holland........................1425-1558
- In
1558 Woerden was pawned to Erik II, Duke of Braunschweig-Calenburg, and
he held the town for the rest of his life. When he died in 1584, the
terms of the lien were disputed by the Estates General of the United
Provinces, Julius of Braunschweig-Wolfenbuttel, and two illegitimate
children of Eric's - Wilhelm and Katharina of Braunschweig-Calenburg.
Ultimately, the United Provinces forfeited the lien in 1589, and the
dispute continued between various Braunschweig dynasts. In 1599, the
United Provinces returned to the issue when Heinrich Julius
of Wolfenbüttel sold his interest to Philipp, count of
Hohenlohe-Neuenstein and his wife Maria, eldest daughter of Willem of
Orange. When she died in 1616, the Estates General moved to take
control of the debt and the city once and for all.
- WELF
- Erik (II), d. of Braunschweig-Calenberg..1558-1584
- Julius, d. of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel..1584-1589 opposed by...
- Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Calenberg........1584-1585 (1589?) and...
- Katharina of Braun.-Calenberg....1585 (1589?)-1606 and...
- Heinrich Julius, d. of B.-Wolfenbüttel...1589-1599 d. 1613
- HOHENLOHE-NEUENSTEIN
- Philipp of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein..........1599-1606 with...
- NASSAU(-Orange)
- Maria of Nassau..........................1599-1616
- Lien removed, Woerden to Holland from 1617...
ZALK (and VEECATEN) A small lordship in the
western part of the province of Overijssel. It was situated on both
banks of the lower course of the river Gelderse IJssel, between the
cities of Zwolle (9 km) and Kampen (11 km). Two territories made up
this lordship, Zalk on the southern bank and Veecaten on the northern
bank. It came into being around the castle of Buckhorst, which
originally belonged to the lords of Gemen (Germany,
Northrhine-Westfalia), split off ca. 1150. Zalk and Veecaten was an
allodium i.e. a territory free from such obligations as rent or
services due to an overlord, until 1386 when its lord accepted terms
which made him in practice a vassal of the bishop of Utrecht.
- A possession of Gemen, to c. 1131/50
- (GEMEN-)BUCKHORST
- Dirk I....................................fl. 1131-1169
- Gozewijn.................................fl. betw. 1201/03
- Dirk II.........................................d. 1227
- Gijsbert I................................fl. 1230-1266
- Willem I..................................fl. 1275-1277
- Gijsbert II...............................fl. 1289-1309
- Willem II............................probably 1326-1336
- Johan I..............................probably 1338-1361 d. 1361
- Johan II......................................1361-c. 1418
- Reduced to de facto fief of the Bishop of Utrecht, 1386.
- Johan III..................................c. 1418-1459
- Gerrit, acting, not enfeoffed, 1459-1460
- Willem III....................................1460-1501
- Johan IV......................................1501-1541
- Willem IV.....................................1541-1567
- Johan V.......................................1567-1578
- Floris........................................1578-1586
- Florentina (fem.)..............................1587-1612 with...
- SLOET
- Johan.........................................1587-1610
- Machteld (fem.)................................1612-1649 with...
- VAN OE(H)R
- Borchard......................................1612-1616
- Lambert Bernhard, administrator for his mother Machteld 1636-50
- Lambert Bernhard..............................1650-1672
- Van WELVELDE
- Zeino Arnold..................................1672-1675 d. 1695
- Borchard Joost................................1675-1710
- Johan.........................................1710-1717
- Van HAMBROEK Tot Den ARENDSHORST
- Lambert Joost.................................1717-1733 d. 1748
- He ruled 1717-(>)1727 with his co-heirs.
- Van WELVELDE
- Johan Zeger...................................1733-1750
- Zeino Arend...................................1751-1757
- BENTINCK
- Willem........................................1757-1764 d.1784
- Zeino Arend...................................1764-1778
- Anne (fem.)....................................1778-1779 d. 1818 with
- Van SPAEN
- Willem Anne...................................1778-1779 d. 1817
- BENTINCK
- Berend Hendrik................................1779-1795/1830
- To the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland and the French Empire 1795-1813
- To the Kindom of the Netherlands thereafter...
- Hendrik Coninck..........................1830-1839
- His personal possessions (rural estates etc.) in the former lordship were sold by public auction.
ZEELAND The
sandy strands and islands of the Maas and Scheldt estuaries, in southwestern
Netherlands.
-
Frisian occupation in ancient times
-
To the Roman Empire.............................47-286
-
Unclear sequence............................c.
275-c. 450
-
To the Franks (Austrasia)...................c.
425-752
-
To the Carolingian Empire......................752-843
-
Within Central Frankish Kdm. (Lotharingia).....843-855
-
Within the Eastern Frankish Kingdom thereafter, but
see below...
-
This thinly populated region was a disputed zone
of contention between the Counties of Flanders, to the southwest, and Holland,
to the northeast. Numerous forays and temporary occupations occur between
c. 900-1323
-
Burggraves of Zeeland
-
Van VOORNE
-
Hendrik.................................. ?
-1261
-
Albrecht.................................1261-1287
-
Gerard...................................1287-1337
-
To Holland (Hainault).........................1323-1428
-
Stadtholders (Stadhouder) of Zeeland
-
Jan van Beaumont.........................1343-1345
-
Chairman of the regency council in Holland 1345-9
-
??
-
Frank van Borselen.......................1426-1432
-
Lord of Zuylen, Sint Maartensdijk, and Hoogstraeten, and the fourth husband of Jacquette, Countess of Holland, Zeeland, and Hainault.
-
To Burgundy...................................1428-1516
-
Hugo van Lannoy, heer van Santes.........1433-1440
-
Willem van Lalaing, heer van Bingincourt.1440-1445
-
Gozewijn de Wilde........................1445-1448
-
Johan van Lannoy.........................1448-1462
-
Lodewijk van Gruithuize..................1462-1477
-
Wolfert van Borselen, heer van Vere......1477-1480
-
Joost van Lalaing, heer van Montigny en Hantes...1480-1483
-
Johan III, graaf van Egmond..............1483-1515
-
Hendrik III, graaf van Nassau-Dillenburg.1515-1522
-
To Spain......................................1516-1581
-
Antoon van Lalaing, gr. van Hoogstraaten.1522-1540
-
René of Chalons, prince of Orange........1540-1544
-
Lodewijk van Vlaanderen, Heer van Praet..1544-1546
-
Maximiliaan II of Burgundy, mgv. of Veere...1547-1558
-
Willem I the Silent, prince of Orange....1559-1567
-
Maximiliaan de Hennin van Bossu..........1567-1573
-
Philippe de Noircarmes...................1573-1574
-
From 1574, William the Silent resumed the Stadtholdership
of Zeeland, and thereafter holders of that office were identical to the
Stadtholdership of the United Provinces as a whole.
-
Within the United Provinces, Batavian Republic, and
Kingdom of the Netherlands thereafter...
-
Raadspensionaris
-
Christoffel Roels........................1578-1597
-
vacant
-
Johan van de Warck.......................1599-1614
-
Bonifacius de Jonge......................1615-1625
-
Johan Boreel.............................1625-1629
-
Boudewijn de Witte.......................1630-1641
-
Cornelis Adriaanszoon Stavenisse.........1641-1649
-
Johan de Brune...........................1649-1658
-
Adriaan Veth.............................1658-1663
-
Pieter de Huybert........................1664-1687
-
Jacob Verheije...........................1687-1718
-
Caspar van Citters.......................1718-1734
-
Dignus Francois Dignuszoon Keetlaer......1734-1750
-
Johan Pieter Recxstoot...................1751-1756
-
Jacob du Bon.............................1757-1760
-
Willem van Citters.......................1760-1766
-
Adriaan Nicolaaszoon Steengracht, heer van Grijpskerke
en Poppendamme...1766-1770
-
Johan Marinus Johnszoon Chalmers.........1770-1785
-
Laurens Pieter Laurenszoon van de Spiegel...1785-1787
-
Willem Aarnout van Citters...............1788-1795
ZUTPHEN A town in Gelderland, 8 miles (13
km.) south of Deventer and some 15 miles (24 km.) northeast of Arnhem.
The lordship of Zutphen emerged in the first part of the 11th century (but
with some evidence pointing to an earlier Carolingian origin), between
the river Ijssel and the modern Dutch-German border, to the east of the
town of Arnhem. It occupied more or less the eastern part of the modern
Dutch province of Gelderland. It was inherited 1138 by Henry, count of
Gelderland (son of Irmgard, sister of Henry the Old of Zutphen) and remained
in personal union with the county/duchy of Gelderland, as one of its four
‘quarters’ (the others being Veluwe, Domain of Nijmegen, and Upper Gelre).
-
WICHERING
-
Wicher......................................... ? -810
-
Wichman I......................................810-870
-
Hermann........................................870-
-
Reinier........................................fl. c. 935
-
Wichman II.....................................fl. c. 968
-
Adela (fem.)
-
OTTONING
-
Otto I.........................................fl. c. 1027 with...
-
Gerlach........................................fl. c. 1018
-
EZZONING
-
Koenraad....................................... ? -1055
-
Adelheid (fem.)................................1055-
? with...
-
TWENTE (Geveharden)
-
Gottschalk....................................1055-1063
-
Otto II the Rich (1st Count 1101).............1063-1113
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Henry the Old.................................1113-1118
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Irmgard (fem.).................................1118-1130's
-
To Gelderland 1138
ZUYLEN Zuylen
Castle, the core of the small lordship of Zuylen, is situated on the river
Vecht in the tiny village of Oud-Zuilen near the city of Utrecht. The roots of the family
begin in the 13th century, when the descendants of Stephan I (Dutch: Steven) van
Zuylen (Germ.: Sulen, Suylen), a knight from the region of Rees in the county
of Cleves, started to intermarry with the local noble families of Utrecht and
thereby gained an important political role in the region as servants (ministeriales) of the
bishopric of Utrecht. The castle was founded by Steven III van Zuylen ca 1250. They were
also the rulers of the Lordship of Anholt ca. 1200-1380.
- ZUYLEN
- Steven (III in Anholt).........................fl. 1278
- Jan............................................fl. 1294-1317
- Steven (IV in Anholt)..........................fl. 1325 d. c. 1350
- Dirk..........................................1350-1366
- Steven (V in Anholt)..........................1366-1373
- Frederik.......................................fl. 1373
- Partition of Anholt and Zuylen 1380 between the sisters of Friedrich:
Zuylen to Alianora (Eleonora), Anholt to Gerberga.
- Alianora (Eleonora) I (fem.).....................d. 1404 with...
- BORSELEN
- Frank I.........................................d. < 1386
- Dirk..........................................1404-1408
- Floris........................................1408-1422
- Frank II......................................1422-1470
- Lord of Sint Maartensdijk and Hoogstraeten, he became famous as the fourth husband of Jacquette, countess of Holland
etc. d. 1436
- Alianora II (fem.).............................1471-1485 with...
- NIJENRODE
- Gijsbert........................................d. 1476
- CULEMBOURG
- Jasper (also in Culemborg and Hoogstraeten)...1485-1504
- Elisabeth (fem.: + Culemborg and Hoogtraeten)..1504-1510 d. 1555 with...
- LUXEMBOURG (LIMBURG-ARLON)
- Jean..........................................1504-1508 and then...
- LALAING
- Antoine (I)(count of Hoogstraeten)............1509-1510 d. 1540
- CULEMBOURG
- Cornelia (fem.)................................1510-1541 with...
- RENNENBERG
- Willem..........................................d. 1546
- Johan Frans...................................1541-1561
- Herman........................................1561-1579
- LALAING
- George........................................1579-1580 d. 1581
- George is best known in Dutch history as (George van) Rennenberg, because
he had inherited the county of Rennenberg from his mother Anna, a sister of
Herman of Rennenberg (his father was a Lalaing). Since 1576 stadholder of
Groningen for the States-General, he became infamous as a traitor to the United Provinces, one who
deserted in 1580 the cause of the Dutch rebels for Philip II, king of Spain and the Roman
Catholic religion.
- EGMONT
- Lamoraal (II) (count of Egmont)...............1581-1610 d. 1617
- Not Egmont the Martyr, who was beheaded in 1568 at Brussels by order of the
duke of Alva, but one of his sons.
- LALAING
- Antoine (III)(count of Hoogstraeten)..........1610-1611 d. 1613
- QUINGETT
- Jaspar........................................1611-1617
- LOKHORST
- Adam..........................................1617-1656
- REEDE
- Anna Elisabeth (fem.)..........................1656-1682 with...
- Van TUYLL Van SEROOSKERKEN
- Hendrik Jacob.................................1665-1692
- Reinoud Gerard................................1693-1729
- Diederik Jacob................................1729-1776
- Willem René...................................1776-1795 d. 1839
- To the Batavian Republic......................1795-1806
- To Holland....................................1806-1810
- To France.....................................1810-1814
- To the Netherlands thereafter...
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